Benton, William

Japanese: ベントン(英語表記)Benton, William
Benton, William
Born: April 1, 1900, Minneapolis, Minnesota
[Died] March 18, 1973, New York American businessman, politician, and educator. Graduated from Yale University in 1921. Founded Benton & Balls Advertising Agency with C. Bowles in 1929. Became Vice Chancellor of the University of Chicago in 1937. In 1943, he realized the university's plan to acquire the Encyclopedia Britannica, and served as chairman of the board and publisher of Encyclopedia Britannica for 30 years. In 1945, he left the university to become Assistant Secretary of State for President H. Truman, and in 1949, a senator. During this time, at the height of the McCarthy whirlwind, he was a leading figure in passing the impeachment resolution against Senator J. McCarthy. He did not win reelection in 1952, and instead devoted himself to education and the development of Encyclopedia Britannica. In 1963, he was an ambassador to UNESCO. The publication of the 15th edition of Encyclopedia Britannica (1974) was his greatest achievement as publisher. His main work is The Voice of Latin America (61).

Benton
Benton, Thomas Hart

Born March 14, 1782 in Hillsborough, North Carolina
Died: April 10, 1858, Washington, D.C.
American politician. He moved from North Carolina to Tennessee and then to Missouri, where he became a lawyer and editor of the St. Louis Enquirer, and played an active role as a politician representing the interests of the West, such as westward expansion, inland development, protection of the fur trade, and hard currency policies. He served as a U.S. Senator from Missouri for 30 years from 1821, and exerted great political influence on President A. Jackson's bank wars. As a southerner and slave owner, he was pro-Southern and a supporter of slavery, but at the same time opposed the expansion of slavery from a Western perspective. His major works, Thirty Year's View (2 volumes, 1854-56) and Abridgement of the Debates of Congress (16 volumes, 1850s), are valuable historical documents that provide insight into the period.

Benton
Benton, Thomas Hart

Born April 15, 1889 in Neosho, Missouri.
Died January 19, 1975. Kansas City, Missouri. American painter and muralist. Born into a political family, he drew political cartoons from a young age, but studied at the Art Institute of Chicago (1906-07) and the Académie Julian in Paris (1908-11), and was active as a painter in New York from 1912. He portrayed the lives of farmers and became a representative painter of American regionalism. During World War I, he was a war painter for the U.S. Navy. In the late 1920s, he taught at the Art Students League in New York, where Jackson Pollock was one of his students. He taught at the Kansas City Institute of Art and Design from 1935 to 1941, and became an advocate of a uniquely American painting art. His representative works include "Cat Ship" (Andover Art Museum) and "West Texas" (same address).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1900.4.1. ミネソタ,ミネアポリス
[没]1973.3.18. ニューヨーク
アメリカの事業家,政治家,教育家。 1921年エール大学卒業。 29年 C.ボールズとベントン・アンド・ボールズ広告社を設立。 37年シカゴ大学の副総長に就任,43年同大学の『ブリタニカ百科事典』買収計画を実現,以来エンサイクロペディア・ブリタニカ社の取締役会長兼発行人として 30年間その任にあった。 45年大学を辞して H.トルーマン大統領の国務次官補,49年上院議員。この間マッカーシー旋風の最盛時には,J.マッカーシー上院議員の弾劾決議の可決の急先鋒となった。 52年には再選を果さず,教育とエンサイクロペディア・ブリタニカ社の発展に専念。 63年ユネスコ派遣大使。『ブリタニカ百科事典』 15版 (1974) の刊行は彼の発行人としての業績である。主著『ラテンアメリカの声』 The Voice of Latin America (61) 。

ベントン
Benton, Thomas Hart

[生]1782.3.14. ノースカロライナ,ヒルズバラ
[没]1858.4.10. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの政治家。ノースカロライナからテネシー,さらにミズーリに移住して弁護士,『セントルイス・エンクワイア』紙編集者として売出し,西方への膨張,内陸開発,毛皮交易保護,硬貨政策など西部の利害を代弁する政治家として活躍。 1821年から 30年間ミズーリ州選出の連邦上院議員をつとめ,A.ジャクソン大統領の銀行戦などに大きな政治的影響力を及ぼした。南部人で奴隷所有者の彼は南部びいき,奴隷制支持者であったが,同時に西部の立場から奴隷制の拡大には反対した。主著『30年を顧みて』 Thirty Year's View (2巻,1854~56) ,『連邦議会討論集』 Abridgement of the Debates of Congress (16巻,50年代) は当時を知る貴重な史料。

ベントン
Benton, Thomas Hart

[生]1889.4.15. ミズーリ,ネオショ
[没]1975.1.19. ミズーリ,カンザスシティー
アメリカ合衆国の画家,壁画家。政治家の家に生まれ,若い頃から政治漫画を描いていたが,1906~07年にシカゴ美術研究所(→シカゴ美術館),1908~11年にパリのアカデミー・ジュリアンで学び,1912年よりニューヨークで画家として活躍。農民の生活を取り上げて,アメリカ地方主義の代表的画家となる。第1次世界大戦中はアメリカ海軍の従軍画家。1920年代の終わりにニューヨークのアート・スチューデンツ・リーグで教え,生徒にジャクソン・ポロックがいた。1935~41年カンザスシティー美術・デザイン研究所で教え,アメリカ独自の絵画芸術の唱道者となった。『畜牛の船積み』(アンドーバー美術館),『ウェスト・テキサス』(同)が代表作。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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