A type of instrument that measures the speed of a flow, using a constricted tube. Consider cross section A near the entrance of the tube as shown in the figure, and cross section B at the most constricted point. If the flow velocities at A and B are q1 and q2 , the fluid pressures p1 and p2 , and the cross-sectional areas of the tube S1 and S2 , then Bernoulli's theorem gives p1 + ρq12 / 2 = p2 + ρq22 / 2 (ρ is the fluid density) . On the other hand, since the mass of the fluid passing through cross sections A and B is equal, q1S1 = q2S2 . Eliminating q2 from these two equations gives q1 as follows: Since the cross-sectional area ratio S 1 / S 2 is known, by measuring the difference in liquid level height in the U-shaped tube and finding the pressure difference p 1 - p 2 , the flow velocity q 1 can be obtained from the previous equation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
流れの速さをはかる計器の1種で,くびれをつけた管を用いる。図のような管の入口付近の断面 A と最もくびれた断面 B とを考え,A ,B における流速を q1 ,q2 ,流体の圧力を p1 ,p2 ,管の断面積を S1 ,S2 とすれば,ベルヌーイの定理から,p1+ρq12/2=p2+ρq22/2 ( ρ は流体の密度) となる。一方,断面 A ,B を通る流体の質量は等しいから,q1S1=q2S2 。この2つの式から q2 を消去すれば,q1 は次の式で与えられる。 断面積の比 S1/S2 は既知であるから,U字管の液面の高さの差をはかって圧力差 p1-p2 を求めれば,前式から流速 q1 が得られる。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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