An extremely short-lived particle that is generated in high-energy elementary particle reactions. Its lifetime is about 10 -22 to 10 -24 seconds. If the frequency of reactions is plotted on a graph with the energy of the center of mass system of a group of suitable particles after the reaction as the horizontal axis, a peak (resonance peak) may appear at a certain energy value. This phenomenon is interpreted as the appearance of a resonance state with a mass corresponding to the energy of the peak. If the width of the peak is Γ = 1 megaelectronvolt (1MeV), the lifetime of the resonance state is 6.5 × 10 -22 seconds according to the uncertainty principle. Resonance states have quantum numbers such as spin, parity, baryon number, and isospin, and are thought to belong to the same series as nucleons and long-lived (10 -8 to 10 -10 seconds) hadrons. Many resonance states are known, such as the 3-3 resonance state (Δ particle) with a mass of 1232MeV and η, ρ, and ω mesons. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
高エネルギーの素粒子反応で発生する極端に短命な粒子。その寿命は 10-22 秒から 10-24 秒程度である。反応の起る頻度を,反応後の適当な粒子群の重心系のエネルギーを横軸にしてグラフに描くと,特定のエネルギー値で山 (共鳴ピーク) が現れることがある。この現象は,山の頂上のエネルギーに対応する質量をもつ共鳴状態の出現と解釈される。共鳴状態の寿命は,山の幅を Γ =1メガ電子ボルト (1MeV) とすると,不確定性原理から 6.5×10-22 秒となる。共鳴状態は,スピン,パリティ,バリオン数,アイソスピンなどの量子数をもち,核子や長寿命 ( 10-8~10-10 秒) のハドロンと同じ系列に属すると考えられている。質量 1232MeVの3-3共鳴状態 ( Δ 粒子) や η,ρ,ω 中間子など数多くの共鳴状態が知られている。
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