Benzaldehyde - Benzaldehido (English spelling) benzaldehyde

Japanese: ベンズアルデヒド - べんずあるでひど(英語表記)benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde - Benzaldehido (English spelling) benzaldehyde

A typical aromatic aldehyde, also known as bitter almond oil. It is found in the plant kingdom as the main component of the essential oils of peaches and apricot cores, and is also found in some essential oils such as neroli oil.

It is produced by catalytically oxidizing toluene or by chlorinating toluene to form benzylidene chloride, which is then hydrolyzed. It is a colorless liquid with a distinctive almond-like fragrance, and is practically insoluble in water, but is highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and ether. It is easily oxidized and gradually becomes benzoic acid in the air. When treated with an alkali hydroxide, oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously, turning it into benzoate and benzyl alcohol. This reaction is called the Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer ( Figure ).

When heated in the presence of potassium cyanide, the two molecules condense to form benzoin, C 6 H 5 CH(OH)COC 6 H 5. This reaction is called benzoin condensation.

Benzaldehyde is used as an inexpensive fragrance in soaps and other products.

[Masahiro Hirota February 17, 2016]

[References] | Aldehydes | Cannizzaro reaction | Benzoin [Supplementary information] | Benzaldehyde (Data Note)
Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde (disproportionation) [Diagram]
Two molecules of benzaldehyde react, one of which is oxidized to sodium benzoate and the other is reduced to benzyl alcohol. This type of reaction is generally called a disproportionation reaction .

Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde (...


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

代表的な芳香族アルデヒドで、苦扁桃油(くへんとうゆ)ともいう。モモやアンズの芯(しん)の精油の主成分として植物界に分布し、ネロリ油など一部の精油中に含まれている。

 トルエンを接触的に酸化するか、トルエンを塩素化して塩化ベンジリデンにしたのちに加水分解する方法により製造されている。アーモンドに似た特有な芳香をもつ無色の液体で、水にはほとんど溶けないが、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルなどの有機溶媒によく溶ける。酸化されやすく、空気中で徐々に安息香酸になる。水酸化アルカリを作用させると、酸化と還元が同時におこり、安息香酸塩とベンジルアルコールになる。この反応は、発見者にちなんでカニッツァーロ反応とよばれている()。

 また、シアン化カリウムの存在下で加熱すると、2分子が縮合してベンゾインC6H5CH(OH)COC6H5になる。この反応をベンゾイン縮合という。

 ベンズアルデヒドは安価な香料として、せっけんなどに用いられる。

[廣田 穰 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | アルデヒド | カニッツァーロ反応 | ベンゾイン[補完資料] | ベンズアルデヒド(データノート)
ベンズアルデヒドのカニッツァーロ反応(不均化)〔図〕
2分子のベンズアルデヒドが反応し、一方が酸化されて安息香酸ナトリウムになり、他方は還元されてベンジルアルコールになる。このような反応を一般に不均化反応という©Shogakukan">

ベンズアルデヒドのカニッツァーロ反応(…


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