A letter that represents a quantity that can vary and take on various values is called a variable. In contrast, a letter that represents a certain numerical value or a fixed value is called a constant. Usually, letters later in the alphabet, such as x, y, z, etc., are used to represent variables, and letters earlier in the alphabet, such as a, b, c, etc., are used to represent constants. However, this is a matter of convention, and there is no rule that requires this. With two variables, x and y, x is a number that changes independently, while y is a quantity that "changes with" x. In this case, x is called the independent variable and y is called the dependent variable (a function of x). There can be any number of independent and dependent variables. When a variable can only take on real values, it is called a real variable, and when it can also take on complex values, it is called a complex variable. When investigating the properties of functions, calculus is a discussion of functions of real variables, and when discussing calculus as a complex variable, it becomes a field called function theory (also called the theory of functions of complex variables or complex function theory). The above is the original meaning of variables, but in recent years, when considering a set, letters that generally represent the elements of that set have also come to be called variables. [Osamu Takenouchi] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
いろいろな値をとって変わる数量を表している文字を変数という。これに対して、ある数値、あるいは一定の値を表している文字を定数という。普通、変数を表すにはx、y、z、……のようなアルファベットのあとのほうの文字を、定数を表すにはa、b、c、……のように初めのほうの文字を用いることが多い。しかし、これは習慣上の問題であり、そうしなければならないという決まりがあるわけではない。 x、y二つの変数について、xのほうが主体的に変化する数で、yのほうは、xに「伴って変わる量」になっていることがある。このとき、xを独立変数、yを従属変数(xの関数)という。独立変数、従属変数はいくつあってもかまわない。変数が実数の値しかとらないとき実変数、複素数値もとるとき複素変数という。関数の性質を調べるとき、微分積分法は実変数の関数についての議論であり、複素変数としての微分積分法の議論を展開するときは、関数論(複素変数関数論、複素関数論ともいう)とよばれる分野となる。以上は原義的な変数の意味であるが、近年は、一つの集合を考察しているとき、その集合の要素を一般的に表す文字をも変数とよぶようになっている。 [竹之内脩] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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