Edith Wharton

Japanese: ウォートン - うぉーとん(英語表記)Edith Wharton
Edith Wharton

American female writer. Born into a wealthy and distinguished family in New York City, she studied under a tutor, traveled to Europe frequently, and lived in Paris in her later years. In 1885, she married a Boston banker, and eventually began writing short stories, a genre she continued to work on throughout her life. Her first full-length novel was The Valley of Decision (1902), set in 18th-century Italy, but with the encouragement of H. James, whom she met in Paris, she began to publish a series of works based on the New York high society she was familiar with. Her first work, The House of Pleasure (1905), depicts the tragedy of a woman who is ruined by her attempt to marry a wealthy man in high society, while The Innocent Age (1920) depicts the misfortune of a man who becomes enslaved by the conventions of high society, and for this work she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. He wrote a novella entitled "The Custom of the Country" (1913), which deals with international themes and is set in America and France, a famous novella entitled "Ethan Frome" (1911), which is a love tragedy set in a rural New England town, a collection of essays on novel writing, a travelogue, an autobiography, many collections of short stories, and one unfinished novel published posthumously.

[Toshio Yagi]

"Horror and Reason: The World of Edith Wharton" by Miyoko Sasaki (1967, Kenkyusha Publishing)

[References] | Ethan Frome

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの女流作家。ニューヨーク市の富裕な名門の出身で、家庭教師について学び、しばしばヨーロッパに渡り、晩年はパリで生活した。1885年にボストンの銀行家と結婚、やがて短編小説を書き始め、生涯にわたってこのジャンルを手がけた。最初の長編は、18世紀のイタリアを舞台にする『決断の谷間』(1902)であるが、パリで知り合ったH・ジェームズの勧めもあって、彼女がよく知るニューヨークの上流社会を題材とする作品を次々と発表することになった。その第一作『歓楽の家』(1905)は、社交界で金持ちの男と結婚しようとして破滅する女性の悲劇を描き、逆に『汚れなき時代』(1920)は、上流社会の因襲のとりこになっていく男の不幸を描き、この作品で女性としては初のピュリッツァー文学賞を受けた。『国の習慣』(1913)はアメリカとフランスを舞台に国際的テーマを扱い、有名な中編『イーサン・フローム』(1911)はニュー・イングランドの農村を舞台に愛欲の悲劇を描く。そのほか、小説作法を論ずる評論集、旅行記、自伝、多くの短編集、死後発表された未完の小説1編がある。

[八木敏雄]

『佐々木みよ子著『戦慄と理性――イーディス・ウォートンの世界』(1967・研究社出版)』

[参照項目] | イーサン・フローム

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