Tangier - Tangier (English spelling)

Japanese: タンジール - たんじーる(英語表記)Tangier
Tangier - Tangier (English spelling)

A port city facing the Strait of Gibraltar in the northernmost part of Morocco, North Africa. Due to its strategic location at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea, it has a history of being a target of competition between powerful nations. Population 526,215 (1994), city area population 998,972 (2014 estimate). Located 10 km into the strait from the Atlantic Ocean, it is a good natural harbor with a semicircular bay, and the city area spreads from the slope of the hill behind it to the coast. The view of the white city seen from the boat at the port at the western end of the bay is beautiful. The city consists of an old Arabic-style town called Medina and a new European-style town. In Medina, there is Dar al-Mahzen, a former royal residence that has been converted into a museum, the Great Mosque, and workshops that make traditional crafts. Industries include food, textiles, cement, electrical appliances, and shipbuilding. It is connected by rail to Casablanca, Fez, Oujda, and other cities, and there is a regular ferry service to Algeciras in Spain, so there are many foreign tourists and immigrants who are working in Europe. The city is cool in summer and mild in winter, so it is popular with summer and winter travelers.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

history

It was first built by the Phoenicians, and after Roman rule, it came under Arab control in the 7th century. As European powers moved south from the 15th century onwards, it was ruled by Portugal, Spain and Britain, and in 1684 it became part of Morocco (the Alawite dynasty). In the 19th century, the wave of colonisation by European powers came again, and Tangier became a diplomatic city for Morocco, which was in a closed country. In 1905, the Tangier incident occurred, which marked the beginning of the first Moroccan conflict, and in 1912, Morocco was divided into protectorates of France and Spain, and Tangier was specially placed under the control of an international committee of France, Spain and Britain. In 1923, it became an internationally managed area under a committee of five countries, including Italy and Portugal, and in 1925, it was declared a permanently neutral international city, and Tangier developed as a free trade port. It was temporarily occupied by Spain in 1940, but the international management committee was revived in 1945, with the United States joining. Following Moroccan independence in March 1956, it was returned to Morocco in October of the same year.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北アフリカ、モロッコ最北部のジブラルタル海峡に面した港湾都市。地中海の入口という戦略的位置から、強国の争奪の的となった歴史をもつ。人口52万6215(1994)、市域の人口99万8972(2014推計)。大西洋から10キロメートル海峡に入った所に位置し、半円形の湾入をもつ天然の良港で、市街地は背後の丘の斜面から海岸まで分布する。湾の西端にある港の船上から見上げる白い街の景観は美しい。市街はメディナとよばれるアラブ風旧市街とヨーロッパ風新市街とがある。メディナには、旧王族邸で博物館になっているダール・ル・マフゼンや大モスクがあり、伝統工芸品をつくる工房も分布する。工業としては食品、繊維、セメント、電器、造船などがある。カサブランカ、フェズ、ウジダなどと鉄道で結ばれ、スペインのアルヘシラスへは定期連絡船が通っており、外国人観光客やヨーロッパへの出稼ぎ移民の出入りが多い。夏涼しく、冬温和なので、避暑客、避寒客が訪れる。

[藤井宏志]

歴史

フェニキア人の建設に始まり、ローマの支配を経て、7世紀にアラブ人の支配下に入った。15世紀以後ヨーロッパ勢力の南進につれ、ポルトガル、スペイン、イギリスに支配されたのち、1684年モロッコ(アラウィ朝)の領土となった。19世紀にふたたびヨーロッパ列強の植民地化の波が押し寄せ、タンジールは鎖国体制にあったモロッコの外交都市となった。1905年第一次モロッコ紛争の発端となったタンジール事件が発生、12年モロッコはフランス、スペインの保護領として分割され、タンジールは特別にフランス、スペイン、イギリス3国の国際委員会の管理下に置かれた。23年にはイタリア、ポルトガルなど5か国を加えた委員会による国際管理地区となり、25年永世中立の国際都市を宣言し、タンジールは自由貿易港として発展した。40年に一時スペインが占領したが、45年アメリカが加わった国際管理委員会が復活した。1956年3月モロッコの独立に伴い、同年10月モロッコに返還された。

[藤井宏志]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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