Currency Law - Kaheiho

Japanese: 貨幣法 - かへいほう
Currency Law - Kaheiho

This law was promulgated in March 1897 (Meiji 30) and went into effect in October of the same year. It gave the government the authority to manufacture and issue currency, established a unit of price of "750 milligrams of pure gold," and set 1/100 of a yen as a sen and 1/10 of a sen as a rin. Of the nine types of coins to be minted under the Currency Law - gold, silver, nickel, and bronze - three gold coins were made unlimited legal tender and the rest were made subsidiary currency, and the Convertible Bank Note Act, which had been established with silver convertibility, was revised to gold convertibility. The establishment of the Currency Law was based on the indemnity received from China after the Sino-Japanese War, and it established the foundation for the gold standard system, which had been pending since the early Meiji period, and enabled Japan to conduct international transactions on an equal footing with developed countries, which was of great significance in the modernization of Japan. In September 1917 (Taisho 6), during World War I, the gold export ban was implemented and the gold standard was suspended. In January 1930 (Showa 5), ​​the ban on gold export was lifted and the gold standard was restored, but in December of the following year, Japan again left the gold standard, marking the first step toward a managed currency system. In June 1938 (Showa 13), the Temporary Currency Law reduced the weight of subsidiary currency, and this law has since determined Japan's monetary system. Thus, under the managed currency system, the contents of the Currency Law became almost meaningless, with some exceptions. In 1988, the Currency Law was abolished with the enforcement of the New Currency Law.

[Kazuyoshi Okada]

[References] | Yen | Gold Standard System | New Currency Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1897年(明治30)3月公布、同年10月施行された日本の貨幣に関する法律。貨幣の製造、発行の権限は政府に属するものとし、「純金ノ量目七百五十ミリグラムヲ以(もっ)テ価格ノ単位ト為(な)シ之(これ)ヲ円ト称」し、円の100分の1を銭、銭の10分の1を厘と定めた。貨幣法に基づいて鋳造されることになった金貨、銀貨、ニッケル貨、青銅貨の貨幣9種のうち、金貨3種は無制限法貨、他は補助貨とされ、また銀兌換(だかん)をもって発足した兌換銀行券条例は金兌換と改正された。貨幣法の制定は、日清(にっしん)戦争後に清国から得た賠償金に基礎を置くが、これにより明治初年以来の懸案であった金本位制度の基盤が確立され、先進諸国と対等の立場で国際取引を行うことが可能となったわけで、日本近代化のうえできわめて大きな意義をもつものであった。1917年(大正6)9月、第一次世界大戦下に金輸出禁止の措置をとり、金本位制を停止した。1930年(昭和5)1月、金輸出禁止を解いて金本位制に復帰したが、翌31年12月にふたたび金本位制から離脱し、管理通貨制への第一歩を印すに至った。1938年(昭和13)6月、臨時通貨法によって補助貨の量目軽減が図られ、以後同法によって日本の貨幣制度が定められた。こうして管理通貨制度の下では、貨幣法の内容は一部を除いてほとんど空文化することになった。1988年、新貨幣法の施行とともに貨幣法は廃止された。

[岡田和喜]

[参照項目] | | 金本位制度 | 新貨幣法

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