Hermetic Writings - Hermes Monjo (English spelling) Hermetica Latin

Japanese: ヘルメス文書 - へるめすもんじょ(英語表記)Hermetica ラテン語
Hermetic Writings - Hermes Monjo (English spelling) Hermetica Latin

A collection of documents written in Egyptian cities along the Nile between the 3rd century BC and the 3rd century AD. They are usually written in the form of a guru, the god Hermes, imparting teachings. A large part of the documents has been lost, but the surviving documents can be categorized into philosophy, religion, astrology, alchemy, magic, etc. Overall, they are Greek literature based on Greek thought but with elements unique to Egypt. The fictitious author, Hermes, is a god of syncretic religions commonly seen in the Hellenistic period, and is said to be in charge of language and learning with a background in Greek and Egyptian mythology. However, it is believed that the actual authors were priests who formed the intellectual class in Hellenistic cities such as Alexandria in Egypt. Interestingly, ancient Christian leaders often regarded Hermes as a prophet on a par with Moses, and used Hermetic documents. Although there were cases where people like Augustine showed a certain degree of caution, the Hermetic texts flowed into the history of European culture, exerting considerable influence and becoming extremely popular during the Renaissance, and their distant origins are thought to have already lay in ancient times.

[Yu Shibata]

"The Hermetic Writings, translated by Arai Ken and Shibata Yu (1980, Asahi Publishing)""Gnosticism and Ancient Cosmology, written by Shibata Yu (1982, Keiso Shobo)""The Hermetic Series, translated by Arita Tadao (1977-79, Hakusuisha)""Studies on Giordano Bruno, written by Shimizu Junichi (1970, Sobunsha)"

[References] | Gnosticism | Gnosticism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

紀元前3~後3世紀ごろ、エジプトのナイル沿岸都市で執筆された文書群。普通、導師ヘルメス神が教えを伝授する形式で構成されている。文書の相当部分は散失したが、伝存しているものによって教えの内容を分類すると、哲学、宗教、占星術、錬金術、魔術などとなる。全体として、ギリシア思想を土台としつつエジプト固有の要素も加味した、ギリシア語の文学であるといえる。架空の著者ヘルメス神は、ヘレニズム時代によくみられる混交宗教型の神で、ギリシア神話とエジプト神話を背景にことばや学問をつかさどる者とされる。しかし実際の著者は、たとえばエジプトのアレクサンドリアなどヘレニズム都市で知識階級をなしていた神官たちではなかったかと推定される。興味深いことに、古代キリスト教の指導者はしばしば、ヘルメスをモーセと同等の預言者とみなしたり、ヘルメス文書を援用したりしている。アウグスティヌスのように一定の警戒心を示した場合もあるにせよ、ヘルメス文書がヨーロッパ文化史のなかに流入して少なからぬ影響を及ぼし、ルネサンス期に大流行となったその遠源は、すでに古代にあったものと思われる。

[柴田 有]

『荒井献・柴田有訳『ヘルメス文書』(1980・朝日出版社)』『柴田有著『グノーシスと古代宇宙論』(1982・勁草書房)』『有田忠郎訳『ヘルメス叢書』(1977~79・白水社)』『清水純一著『ジョルダーノ・ブルーノの研究』(1970・創文社)』

[参照項目] | グノーシス | グノーシス派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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