Gymnasium

Japanese: gymnasion
Gymnasium

...It eventually came to mean the race itself, and today it also refers to a structure that has a space for the race and seating for spectators. [Motonobu Tomioka]
[Ancient Greek and Roman Circus Stadiums]
The ancient Greek sports facilities were called gymnasiums. Originally they were large athletic fields where undressed young men could run races, learn to ride horses, wrestle, box, and throw the discus.

From [Physical Education]

…The youth of the polis (city-state) received education in reading, writing, arithmetic, music and literature, and gymnastikē (physical education), which also included festival events. The place where physical education was practiced was called the palaistra, and was often attached to the gymnasium where the general public practiced sports. During this period, Socrates emphasized the training of the body, saying that all young people should not be inferior to Olympic athletes, and Plato, contrasting physical education with medicine, said that physical education is techne (technique) that aims to recover from the negative state of the body (i.e., illness, etc.) (Gorgias).

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "gymnasion" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…やがて競走それ自体を意味する語に転用され,今日では競技用のスペースと観覧(客)席が備えられている建造物をも指すようになった。【富岡 元信】
[古代ギリシア・ローマの競技場]
 古代ギリシアのスポーツ施設はギュムナシオンgymnasionと呼ばれている。もとは脱衣した青少年が競走したり,乗馬を学んだり,レスリングや拳闘をしたり,円盤を投げたりできる広い運動場のことであった。…

【体育】より

…また,ポリス(都市国家)の青少年は読み書き,算数とムシケmousikē(音楽や文芸),ギュムナスティケgymnastikē(体育)の教育を受けたが,そこでも祭典競技の種目が採用された。体育の実習をする場所はパライストラpalaistraといわれ,一般の人がスポーツを行うギュムナシオンgymnasionと併設されることが多かった。この時代にソクラテスは,すべての青年がオリンピック出場者に劣ってはならないとして身体の鍛練を強調し,プラトンは体育と医術を対比して,体育は身体の善の否定態(つまり病気など)からの回復をはかるテクネ(技術)である,と述べている(《ゴルギアス》)。…

※「gymnasion」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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