Wat Tyler's Rebellion - Wat Tyler's Rebellion

Japanese: ワット･タイラーの乱 - ワットタイラーのらん

A typical peasant revolt in medieval England that occurred in 1381. The population had dropped sharply due to the poor harvests and great famine of 1315-17 caused by abnormal weather, and repeated epidemics of the plague from 1348-50. Other problems included the flight of peasants, labor shortages, rising wages and the price of handicraft products, and falling land rents. In order to deal with these problems, the landlords repeatedly passed labor regulation laws in parliament from 1351 onwards, stipulating price controls, restrictions on the movement of agricultural laborers, forcing rural residents to work in agriculture, giving priority to the employment of agricultural laborers by landlords, and wage controls. To enforce these measures, they established a system of laborers' judges (1351) and then replaced this with justices of the peace (1361), which put pressure on agricultural laborers and large farms.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1381年に起こった中世イギリスの代表的農民一揆。異常気象による1315‐17年の凶作と大飢饉，1348‐50年以来のペストの反復流行により人口が激減した。また，農民逃散，労働力不足，賃金と手工業製品価格の騰貴，地代低下などが起こった。領主層はこれらに対処するため51年以降繰り返し議会で労働者規制法を制定し，物価規制，農業労働者の移動制限，農村住民への農業就労強制，領主の農業労働者優先雇用，賃金規制などを定め，実施のために労働者判事(1351)，ついでこれに代わる治安判事(1361)の制度を設けて農業労働者，大農経営を圧迫した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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