The capital of Perm Oblast in the central part of the Russian Federation, and a major industrial and transportation center in the Urals. It is located at the confluence of the Kama River and the Egosiha River in the western foot of the central Urals. Population 1,017,100 (1999). The city area mainly extends along the left bank of the Kama River, forming a long and narrow city 50 km long and 2-4 km wide, similar to Volgograd and Dnipropetrovsk. From 1940 to 1957 it was called Molotov. The city was founded in 1723 when a copper smelter was built here, but the factory was later closed. However, it developed due to its favorable geographical location, the opening of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and the favorable water transportation of the Kama River. Because it was convenient for the import of metals from the Urals and the transportation of products to consumer areas in the west, the largest metal processing factory in the Urals was built here in 1863. In addition, wood processing and agricultural product processing industries emerged at the end of the 19th century. It is a junction of railways and highways, has an airport and a river port, and like Yekaterinburg, it is said that the mechanical industry accounts for half of the total production. Its main industries are shipbuilding and the production of motors, telephone equipment, automatic saws, and electrical machinery. Other industries that are developing include paper, chemicals (dyes, fertilizers, synthetic rubber), and food. There are also many educational and cultural facilities, including the oldest university in the Urals (1916), universities of mining, medicine, and pharmacy, a coal research institute, an art museum, a local museum, and a theater. [Taizo Nakamura] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦中部、ペルミ州の州都で、ウラルの工業、交通の大中心都市。ウラル山脈中部西麓(せいろく)のカマ川にエゴシハ川が合流する地点にある。人口101万7100(1999)。市域はおもにカマ川左岸に沿って延び、長さ50キロメートル、幅2~4キロメートルの細長い市街を形成し、ボルゴグラードやドニエプロペトロフスクに似た都市である。1940~57年にはモロトフМолотов/Molotovと称した。1723年、当地に銅の精錬所がつくられたのが市の始まりであるが、その後この工場は閉鎖された。しかしカマ川の水運に恵まれ、シベリア鉄道が開通し、有利な地理的位置にあることから発展することとなった。ウラル産の金属の搬入、西部の消費地への製品輸送に便利であったので、1863年ウラルでもっとも大きな金属加工工場が建設された。また、19世紀末に木材加工、農産物加工の工業がおこった。 鉄道、ハイウェーの分岐点で、空港、河港を有し、工業はエカチェリンブルグと同様、機械工業が全生産物のなかばを占めるといわれる。造船業やモーター、電話機器、自動鋸(のこぎり)、電気機械などの生産が主要な工業である。そのほか、製紙、化学(染料、肥料、合成ゴム)、食品などの工業も発展している。ウラル最古(1916)の総合大学、鉱山、医科、薬科の各大学、石炭研究所、美術館、郷土博物館、劇場など、教育・文化施設も多い。 [中村泰三] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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