Georges Bernanos

Japanese: ベルナノス - べるなのす(英語表記)Georges Bernanos
Georges Bernanos

French novelist and thinker. Born in Paris and raised in the Catholic faith, he studied under Maurras out of a sense of crisis about modern society, and was active as a fighter for the "Action Française" from an early age. After being demobilized from World War I, he made his literary debut in 1926 with "In the Devil's Sun". Since then, with works such as "Joy" (1929), "The Diary of a Country Priest" (1936), "The New Story of Mouchette" (1937), and "Mr. Ouine" (1943), he has continued to expose the deception of modern faith and depict the intense conflict between the holiness and devilishness of humans in a world swirling with hatred and sin, even leading to murder, and has taken the position of a legitimate successor to Dostoevsky in the 20th century. The sense of crisis that led him to create such novels also made him a unique thinker. In 1931, he denounced modern society itself with his requiem for the anti-Semite Édouard Adolphe Drumont (1844-1917), The Great Fear of the Righteous, and when the Spanish Civil War broke out, he wrote The Cemetery in the Moon (1938), in which he denounced the Fascists who were massacring innocent people in the name of a holy war, and the Church that supported them. In 1938, in despair about his homeland, he emigrated to Brazil, and when France surrendered to Germany in 1940, he continued to appeal to his country to resist Fascism in works such as Letter to an Englishman (1942), and he was honored as a pioneer of the Resistance alongside General de Gaulle. He returned to Japan in 1945 after the end of World War II, but in a postwar society intoxicated with the victory of democracy, he boldly warned of the future of modern civilization dominated by machines, and preached about the dangers of global totalitarianism. His postwar works include the essay collection "Liberty, What is the Means of Doing?" (1953) and "Dialogues of Carmelite Nuns" (1949), dialogues set to a screenplay by the Dominican priest and writer Raymond-Léopold Bruckberger (1907-1998).

[Watanabe Kazutami]

"Bernanos Collected Works, edited by Kazutami Watanabe, 6 volumes (1976-1982, Shunjusha)"

[References] | Action Française | Diary of a Country Priest | Christian Literature | Maurice | Resistance Literature

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの小説家、思想家。パリに生まれ、カトリックの信仰のもとに育ち、近代社会に対する危機意識からモーラスに学び、早くから「アクシオン・フランセーズ」の闘士として活躍した。第一次世界大戦から復員したのち、1926年『悪魔の陽のもとに』を発表して文壇にデビュー。以後『よろこび』(1929)、『田舎(いなか)司祭の日記』(1936)、『新ムーシェット物語』(1937)、『ウィーヌ氏』(1943)などの作品によって、現代における信仰の欺瞞(ぎまん)を暴き、殺人さえおこる憎悪や罪の渦巻く世界での人間の聖性と悪魔性との激しい相克を描き続け、20世紀におけるドストエフスキーの正統な後継者の地位を占めた。彼にこのような小説を造型させた危機意識は、また彼をユニークな思想家たらしめた。そして1931年反ユダヤ主義者ドリュモンÉdouard Adolphe Drumont(1844―1917)の鎮魂歌『心正しきものの大いなる恐怖』によって近代社会そのものを告発し、スペイン市民戦争(スペイン内戦)が勃発(ぼっぱつ)するや『月下の大墓地』(1938)を著して、聖なる戦いの美名のもとに無辜(むこ)の民衆を殺戮(さつりく)するファシストとそれを支援する教会を弾劾した。1938年祖国に絶望してブラジルに移住したあと、1940年にフランスがドイツに降伏するや、『イギリス人への手紙』(1942)などによりファシズムへの抵抗を祖国に訴え続け、ドゴール将軍と並んでレジスタンスの先駆者の栄誉を担った。第二次世界大戦後1945年に帰国するが、デモクラシーの勝利に酔う戦後社会のなかにあって、ひとり敢然と機械に支配される現代文明の未来に警告を発し、世界全体主義化の危険を説いた。戦後の作品としてはエッセイ集『自由、何をなすためか』(1953)、ドミニコ会士で作家のブリュックベルジェRaymond-Léopold Bruckberger(1907―1998)のシナリオにつけた対話『カルメル派修道女の対話』(1949)などがある。

[渡辺一民]

『渡辺一民編『ベルナノス著作集』全6巻(1976~1982・春秋社)』

[参照項目] | アクシオン・フランセーズ | 田舎司祭の日記 | キリスト教文学 | モーラス | レジスタンス文学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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