Bergamo is the capital of the province of Bergamo in the Lombardy region of northern Italy. It is located about 45 km northeast of Milan, at an altitude of 366 m, at the southern foot of the Alps. In ancient times it was called Bergomum and was the center of the Orobi people. It was occupied by the Romans in 196 BC. After serving as the capital of the Lombard Kingdom (→Lombard people), it was ruled by the Visconti family of Milan from 1329 and by the Republic of Venice (→Venice) from 1428 to 1797. It was subsequently occupied by France and Austria, and was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1859. The old town, located on a hilltop with the Piazza Vecchia as its center and the Cathedral of Bergamo (1483, rebuilt in 1639), the Colleoni Chapel (1470-76), the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (1137, rebuilt in the 14th-15th century), the Baptistery (1340), and Palazzo della Ragione (1538-54 rebuilt), was a military fortress of the Venetian Republic in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 2017, it was registered as a cultural heritage of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites along with five other constituent sites in Italy, Croatia, and Montenegro, as a sign of the expansion and prosperity of the Republic. The new town is home to the Accademia Carrara, which has a collection of famous paintings. It is also known as the birthplace of Commedia dell'arte (improvised comedy) and Bergamasque (dance). It is a key transportation hub, and in addition to the traditional textile industry, the cement, machinery, and electrical industries are thriving. Population: 119,551 (2011 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イタリア北部,ロンバルディア州ベルガモ県の県都。ミラノの東北東約 45km,標高 366mのアルプス南麓に位置する。古代にはベルゴムム Bergomumと呼ばれ,オロビ人の中心地であった。前196年ローマ人が占領。ランゴバルド王国(→ランゴバルド族)の首都となったのち,1329年よりミラノのビスコンチ家,1428~1797年にベネチア共和国(→ベネチア)の支配を受けた。その後フランス,オーストリアに占領され,1859年サルジニア王国に併合された。ベッキア広場を中心にベルガモ大聖堂(1483,1639再建),コレオーニ家礼拝堂(1470~76),サンタ・マリア・マッジョーレ聖堂(1137,14~15世紀再建)および洗礼堂(1340),パラッツォ・デラ・ラジョーネ(1538~54再建)などが立ち並ぶ丘の上の旧市街は,16~17世紀にベネチア共和国の軍事上の要塞となった。2017年,共和国の版図拡大や繁栄ぶりを伝えるものとして,イタリア,クロアチア,モンテネグロの 5ヵ所の構成資産とともに国際連合教育科学文化機関 UNESCOの世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。新市街には有名絵画を集めたアカデミア・カラーラがある。コメディア・デラルテ(即興喜劇),ベルガマスク(舞曲)の発祥地としても知られる。交通の要衝で,伝統的な織物工業のほか,セメント,機械,電機工業が盛ん。人口 11万9551(2011推計)。
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