Eötvös József

Japanese: エトベシュ（英語表記）Eötvös József

Born: September 3, 1813 in Buda
[Died] February 2, 1871, Pest Hungarian writer, educator, and politician. Born into an aristocratic family (baron). He was baptized into liberal thought while studying at the University of Pest (1826-31), and was influenced by philanthropy, romanticism, and utopian socialism while studying in England and France (1836-41). From 1839, he published novels criticizing social poverty and feudalism. As Minister of Education in the Bacchany cabinet in 1848, he worked to improve the educational level of the people, but resigned after clashing with Kossuth and went into exile in Munich. He published a large work on 19th century thought (1851-1854), criticizing Napoleon III and Austrian absolutism. He worked hard to reorganize and expand the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was appointed Minister of Education again in 1867. His representative work is A falu jegyzöje (45), a village notary. His other works include the critique Reform (46).

Eötvös
Eötvös Lóránt, Baron von

Born: July 27, 1848, Budapest
[Died] April 8, 1919, Budapest. Hungarian physicist. Son of poet and writer József Eötvös. Studied at the University of Heidelberg, receiving his doctorate in 1870. After serving as a lecturer at the University of Budapest (1871), he became professor of theoretical physics (1872) and later professor of experimental physics (1878). He also served as Minister of Education from 1894 to 1895. From his research on capillary phenomena, he clarified the relationship between surface tension and temperature, and introduced the concept of molecular surface tension. He also engaged in research on gravitational and magnetic fields, and experimentally proved with a high degree of accuracy that inertial mass and gravitational mass are equal, using a highly precise torsion balance.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1813.9.3. ブダ
[没]1871.2.2. ペスト
ハンガリーの作家，教育家，政治家。貴族 (男爵) の出身。ペスト大学在学中 (1826～31) に自由主義思想の洗礼を受け，イギリス，フランス留学 (36～41) において博愛思想，ロマン主義，ユートピア社会主義の影響を受けた。 1839年から社会的貧困，封建主義批判の小説を発表。 48年のバチャーニュ内閣の教育相として国民の教育水準の向上に努力したが，コシュートと対立して辞任，ミュンヘンに亡命。 19世紀思想に関する大著を発表 (51～54) ，ナポレオン3世，オーストリア絶対主義を批判した。ハンガリー科学アカデミーの改組，拡充に尽力。 67年再度教育相に任命された。代表作『村の公証人』A falu jegyzöje (45) 。ほかに評論『改革』 Reform (46) 。

エトベシュ
Eötvös Lóránt， Baron von

[生]1848.7.27. ブダペスト
[没]1919.4.8. ブダペスト
ハンガリーの物理学者。詩人で作家のエトベシュ・ヨージェフの子。ハイデルベルク大学に学び，1870年学位取得。ブダペスト大学講師 (1871) を経て，同大学理論物理学教授 (72) ，のち実験物理学教授 (78) 。 94～95年にかけて教育相もつとめた。毛管現象の研究から，表面張力と温度の関係を明らかにするとともに，分子表面張力の概念を導入。また重力場，磁場の研究に従事し，高精密なねじり秤を用いて，慣性質量と重力質量が高い精度で等しいことを実験的に証明した。

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