Acaroid mite

Japanese: コナダニ - こなだに(英語表記)acaroid mite
Acaroid mite

A general term for a group of mites belonging to the superfamily Acaroidea, order Acarina, class Arachnida, phylum Arthropoda. The mites include the families Acaridae, Melastomatidae, Scutigera, and Pycnonotidae. Even adults are tiny mites measuring less than 0.7 mm. They lack spiracles, have a milky white or light brown body, a smooth surface, and have long hairs that are consistent with the species. The mouthparts protrude from the front end of the body and have thick, short, scissor-like chelicerae. The legs are well developed and have five segments with buried basal segments. The developmental stage consists of eggs, pronymphs (first nymphs), postnymphs (third nymphs), and adults (male and female), but in some species, the pronymphs can form a special form called a hypopus (migratory nymph). This is apparently formed in relation to nutrition, temperature, and humidity, but if the conditions are right, they will become postnymphs and develop normally. Under favorable environmental conditions, aspergillus mites will develop from eggs to adults and begin laying eggs in about 10 days, allowing for vigorous reproduction and large outbreaks. Conditions vary depending on the species, but ideal breeding conditions are approximately 25-28°C, relative humidity of 75-85%, and food with a moisture content of 15-20%. Outbreaks are common at the end of the rainy season and from late summer to early autumn. Many of these species infest stored foods (cereals, flour, sugar, miso, cheese, confectionery, dried fish, and other dried foods), causing a great deal of damage. They can also be found on tatami mats, in indoor dust, and in bird nests. Different species have different food preferences; sugar mites (family Saccharomyces) inhabit miso, sugar, and dried fruits, while star mites (family Pyrrhocoridae) inhabit dried fish, while Tyrophagus putrescentiae (family Acaridae) inhabit a wide range of foods and are found in human urine, feces, and sputum. They are sometimes thought to be the cause of human internal mitosis, but this has not yet been medically explained. It is said that acarid mites cause skin rashes when they multiply, but in reality, it is often caused by cheyletid mites and other mites that prey on acarid mites. To prevent the infestation of mites, one can spray acaricides, but in general, it is best to keep foods refrigerated and dry, and keep the environment clean.

[Katsuhiko Matsumoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

節足動物門クモ形綱ダニ目コナダニ上科Acaroideaに属する一群のダニの総称。コナダニ科、ニクダニ科、サトウダニ科、ホシカダニ科などが含まれ、成虫でも0.7ミリメートル以下の微小なダニである。気門がなく、体は乳白色または淡褐色で、体表が平滑であり、種に一定した長毛を生じている。口器は体の前端に突出し、太く短いはさみ状の鋏角(きょうかく)をもつ。脚(あし)はよく発達し、基節が埋没して5節からなる。発育期は卵、前若虫(ぜんじゃくちゅう)(第1若虫)、後(こう)若虫(第3若虫)、成虫(雄、雌)からなるが、ある種では前若虫から特殊な形態をしたヒポプス(移動若虫)を形成することがある。これは栄養、温度、湿度などが関連して形成されるらしいが、条件が整えば後若虫となって普通の発育を行う。コナダニは環境条件がよいと10日前後で卵から成虫に発育して産卵を始めるので、増殖が盛んで大発生することがある。この条件は種類によって異なるが、ほぼ25~28℃、相対湿度75~85%、餌(えさ)の水分含量15~20%ぐらいが繁殖に適している。梅雨明けの時期と晩夏から初秋のころによく大発生がみられる。この種の多くは貯蔵食品(穀類、穀粉、砂糖、みそ、チーズ、菓子類、干し魚やその他の乾燥食品)に発生し、多くの損害を与える。そのほか畳に発生したり、室内の塵(ちり)や鳥の巣に発見されることもある。種類によって発生食品に好みがあり、サトウダニ(サトウダニ科)はみそ、砂糖、乾燥果実などに発生し、コウノホシカダニ(ホシカダニ科)は干し魚に好んで発生するが、ケナガコナダニ(コナダニ科)は発生食品の範囲が広く、ヒトの尿や糞(ふん)、喀痰(かくたん)などにみいだされ、人体内ダニ症の原因とみられることがあるが、医学的にはまだ解明されていない。また、コナダニ類が大発生して皮疹(ひしん)を生ずるといわれるが、実際にはコナダニを捕食するツメダニやその他のダニによることが多いらしい。ダニの発生を防ぐには殺ダニ剤の散布もあるが、一般には食品の冷蔵、乾燥、環境の清掃、などを心がけるのがよい。

[松本克彦]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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