Bateson, William

Japanese: ベートソン(英語表記)Bateson, William
Bateson, William
Born: August 8, 1861, Whitby, Yorkshire
[Died] February 8, 1926, London. British zoologist and geneticist. Graduated from Cambridge University. In 1883, he went to the United States and studied embryology under W. Brooks at Johns Hopkins University. He also became interested in the issue of mutation as a factor in evolution. In 1895, he returned to Cambridge University. He claimed that mutations are discontinuous, and engaged in a fierce debate with K. Pearson and the other members of the biometric school. In search of a theory to explain discontinuous mutations, he became fascinated with Mendel's theory when he heard the news of the rediscovery of Mendel's law in 1900. Since then, he has translated Mendel's papers into English and worked to popularize and raise awareness of Mendel's theory. He also discovered that the shape of chicken combs is inherited according to Mendel's law, and in 2002, he showed that this law was also valid for animals. In 2004, he discovered through crossbreeding experiments with sweet peas that each genetic element does not act independently, but that there is a linkage between genetic elements. Later, T. Morgan and others explained the phenomenon of linkage from the standpoint of the chromosomal theory of inheritance, but Bateson opposed this, and the debate continued for a long time until 1922. After serving as the first professor of genetics at Cambridge University (1908-10), he became director of the John Innes Horticultural Laboratory, which he developed into a center of genetic research. In 1906, he coined the word "genetics" to refer to the branch of physiology that deals with heredity and mutation.

Bateson
Bateson, Gregory

Born: May 9, 1904.
[Died] July 4, 1980.
British-born American anthropologist. Son of geneticist William Bateson. Studied at Cambridge University. Married American anthropologist M. Mead (1936-50) and moved to the United States in 1940. Served as visiting professor at Harvard University (1947-48), among other positions, and became a naturalized citizen in 1956. His work with Mead, Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis (1942), was a pioneering work in visual anthropology. He also made interdisciplinary contributions to theories of culture, personality, and communication, spanning anthropology, psychiatry, and ethology. His other major works include Steps to an Ecology of Mind (72) and Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity (79).

Bateson
Bateson, Frederick Wilse

Born: December 25, 1901, Styal, Cheshire
[Died] October 16, 1978.
British literary scholar and critic. Graduated from Oxford University. Edited The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (4 volumes, 1930-40), and founded and edited the quarterly journal Essays in Criticism (51-74). He was a Fellow of his alma mater. His major works include English Poetry and the English Language (34) and The Scholar-Critic (72).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1861.8.8. ヨークシャー,ウィットビー
[没]1926.2.8. ロンドン
イギリスの動物学者,遺伝学者。ケンブリッジ大学出身。 1883年渡米し,ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学で W.ブルックスに師事し,発生学を研究。また,進化の要因としての変異の問題に興味をもつ。 95年ケンブリッジ大学に戻る。変異は不連続であると主張し,K.ピアソンら生物計測学派との間に激しい論争を展開。不連続変異を説明するための理論を求めていた彼は,1900年,メンデルの法則再発見の報に接してメンデル理論に傾倒し,以来メンデルの論文を英訳するなど,その普及・啓蒙に努める一方,ニワトリのとさかの形状がメンデルの法則に従って遺伝することを発見し,02年に動物でもこの法則が有効であることを示した。 04年,スイートピーの交雑実験から,各遺伝要素は独立に行動せず,遺伝要素の間に連鎖の存在することを発見。のち T.モーガンらが遺伝の染色体説の立場から連鎖の現象を説明したが,ベートソンはこれに反対し,22年まで長期間にわたって議論が続いた。ケンブリッジ大学の最初の遺伝学教授をつとめた (1908~10) のち,ジョン・イネス園芸研究所の所長となり,同研究所を遺伝学研究の中心地に育て上げた。なお,遺伝と変異を対象とする生理学の一分野を呼ぶための名称として,06年に彼は「遺伝学」 geneticsの語をつくった。

ベートソン
Bateson, Gregory

[生]1904.5.9.
[没]1980.7.4.
イギリス生れのアメリカの人類学者。遺伝学者ウィリアム・ベートソンの子。ケンブリッジ大学に学ぶ。アメリカの人類学者 M.ミードと結婚 (1936~50) ,1940年渡米。ハーバード大学客員教授 (1947~48) などをつとめ,56年帰化。ミードとの共著『バリ島民の性格-写真による分析』 (1942) は映像人類学のさきがけとなった。一方,文化とパーソナリティ,およびコミュニケーションに関する理論で,人類学から精神医学・動物行動学にわたる学際的な功績を残した。主著はそのほか『精神の生態学への歩み』 Steps to an Ecology of Mind (72) ,『精神と自然』 Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity (79) 。

ベートソン
Bateson, Frederick Wilse

[生]1901.12.25. チェシャー,スタイアル
[没]1978.10.16.
イギリスの文学研究者,批評家。オックスフォード大学卒業。『ケンブリッジ英文学書誌』 The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (4巻,1930~40) を編集,また季刊誌『エッセーズ・イン・クリティシズム』を創刊,編集 (51~74) 。母校のフェローをつとめた。主著『英詩と英語』 English Poetry and the English Language (34) ,『学者批評家』 The Scholar-Critic (72) 。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Vietnam - Betonam (English spelling) Vietnam

>>:  Bedouin - Bedouin (English spelling)

Recommend

Ero - Ero

…At first, the factory was not able to fire porce...

Undine (Hoffmann)

…The popularity of magic plays, or Singspiel, cen...

Calvin Cycle - Calvin Cycle

The reduced pentose phosphate cycle, also known as...

Makiritare (English spelling)

An Indian tribe living mainly in Venezuela in Sout...

Committee - Iinkai

〘noun〙① A meeting made up of committee members. In...

Coagulation value

The minimum concentration of an added substance th...

Iron coins - Tessen

〘 noun 〙 A coin made of iron. In Japan, it began w...

Taurus (the Bull) - Taurus (English spelling)

Abbreviation: Tau. One of the zodiacal constellati...

Battle of Navarino - Battle of Navarino

A naval battle (October 20, 1827) fought during t...

Connecting rod

A rod that connects the piston to the crankshaft ...

Adultery Bible - Kaninseisho

…However, there have been many examples throughou...

Enso light - Ensouko

… The head lights seen on Japanese statues of Bud...

Achillea tomentosa (English name) Achilleatomentosa

… [Munemin Yanagi]. … *Some of the terminology th...

D'Arpentigny, S.

...Hartlieb's "Palmistry" (1475) an...

Helmet

...The term blizzard is now commonly used to desc...