Born: August 8, 1861, Whitby, Yorkshire [Died] February 8, 1926, London. British zoologist and geneticist. Graduated from Cambridge University. In 1883, he went to the United States and studied embryology under W. Brooks at Johns Hopkins University. He also became interested in the issue of mutation as a factor in evolution. In 1895, he returned to Cambridge University. He claimed that mutations are discontinuous, and engaged in a fierce debate with K. Pearson and the other members of the biometric school. In search of a theory to explain discontinuous mutations, he became fascinated with Mendel's theory when he heard the news of the rediscovery of Mendel's law in 1900. Since then, he has translated Mendel's papers into English and worked to popularize and raise awareness of Mendel's theory. He also discovered that the shape of chicken combs is inherited according to Mendel's law, and in 2002, he showed that this law was also valid for animals. In 2004, he discovered through crossbreeding experiments with sweet peas that each genetic element does not act independently, but that there is a linkage between genetic elements. Later, T. Morgan and others explained the phenomenon of linkage from the standpoint of the chromosomal theory of inheritance, but Bateson opposed this, and the debate continued for a long time until 1922. After serving as the first professor of genetics at Cambridge University (1908-10), he became director of the John Innes Horticultural Laboratory, which he developed into a center of genetic research. In 1906, he coined the word "genetics" to refer to the branch of physiology that deals with heredity and mutation. Bateson |
[生]1861.8.8. ヨークシャー,ウィットビー [没]1926.2.8. ロンドン イギリスの動物学者,遺伝学者。ケンブリッジ大学出身。 1883年渡米し,ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学で W.ブルックスに師事し,発生学を研究。また,進化の要因としての変異の問題に興味をもつ。 95年ケンブリッジ大学に戻る。変異は不連続であると主張し,K.ピアソンら生物計測学派との間に激しい論争を展開。不連続変異を説明するための理論を求めていた彼は,1900年,メンデルの法則再発見の報に接してメンデル理論に傾倒し,以来メンデルの論文を英訳するなど,その普及・啓蒙に努める一方,ニワトリのとさかの形状がメンデルの法則に従って遺伝することを発見し,02年に動物でもこの法則が有効であることを示した。 04年,スイートピーの交雑実験から,各遺伝要素は独立に行動せず,遺伝要素の間に連鎖の存在することを発見。のち T.モーガンらが遺伝の染色体説の立場から連鎖の現象を説明したが,ベートソンはこれに反対し,22年まで長期間にわたって議論が続いた。ケンブリッジ大学の最初の遺伝学教授をつとめた (1908~10) のち,ジョン・イネス園芸研究所の所長となり,同研究所を遺伝学研究の中心地に育て上げた。なお,遺伝と変異を対象とする生理学の一分野を呼ぶための名称として,06年に彼は「遺伝学」 geneticsの語をつくった。 ベートソン
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