Iquitos (English spelling)

Japanese: イキトス（英語表記）Iquitos

The capital of Loreto Department in northeastern Peru. It is located about 1000km north-northeast of the capital Lima, in the Amazon lowlands beyond the Andes Mountains, and overlooks the uppermost part of the Amazon main stream. It is one of the main river ports on the river, and although it is located about 3700km upstream from the mouth of the river, large ships can sail upriver from the Atlantic Ocean even at low water levels. It was built in 1864 on the site of an Indian settlement, and since the end of the 19th century, the population has increased rapidly due to the rubber boom, and it prospered as a rubber shipping port. With the sharp decline in rubber production in 1912, the population decreased and it gradually declined. Since the 1950s, interest in the economic development of eastern Peru has increased, and it has begun to develop again as a development center. Currently, development of the nearby oil fields and forests is underway, and there are refineries and sawmills. Rubber, chicle, medicinal plants, furniture materials, cotton, rice, coffee, tobacco, leather, etc. are shipped from the port. It is the cultural, religious and tourist center of eastern Peru, and is home to the National University of the Amazon (1962). Although the roads within the city are well maintained, there are no roads leading to the outside world, so communication with the outside world is mainly by water and air. Population: 269,500 (1990 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ペルー北東部，ロレト県の県都。首都リマの北北東約 1000km，アンデス山脈を越えたアマゾン低地にあり，アマゾン川本流最上流部にのぞむ。同川の主要河港の一つで，河口から約 3700kmも上流に位置するが，低水時でも大型船が大西洋から遡航できる。インディオの集落があった地に 1864年建設され，19世紀末以降ゴム・ブームにより人口が急増，ゴムの積出港として繁栄。 1912年ゴム生産が激減するとともに人口が減少し，次第に衰退。 50年代以降東部ペルーの経済開発への関心が高まり，その開発中心地として再び発展しはじめた。現在は付近の油田と森林の開発が進行中で，製油所，製材所などがある。港からはゴム，チクル，薬用植物，家具材，綿花，米，コーヒー，タバコ，皮革などを積出す。東部ペルーの文化，宗教，観光の中心地で，市内には国立ペルー・アマソニア大学 (1962) がある。市内の道路は整備されているが，外部から通じる道路がないため，外部との連絡はもっぱら水路と空路による。人口 26万 9500 (1990推計) 。

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