This is one of the basic laws of thermodynamics that states that the amount of heat generated or absorbed in a chemical reaction is determined by the state at the beginning and end of the reaction, and is not related to the process that occurs in between. It is also called the total heat law. It was experimentally determined by Swiss-born G. H. Hess around 1840. This law can be thought of as the application of the law of conservation of energy to chemical changes. In other words, the amount of heat that flows in and out of a reaction is due to the rearrangement of bonds during the reaction, so the bond energy of the reactants is converted into the bond energy of the product through the rearrangement, and any surplus or deficiency is observed as reaction heat. Using Hess's law, it is possible to calculate the reaction heat of various chemical reactions by using thermochemical equations like algebraic formulas. [Takashi Shimozawa] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化学変化において、発生または吸収される熱量は、変化の始めと終わりの状態で決まり、途中で経過する過程には関係しない、という熱力学の基本法則の一つ。総熱量の法則ともいう。1840年ころスイス生まれのG・H・ヘスによって実験的に求められた。 この法則は、エネルギー保存則を化学変化に適用したと考えてよい。すなわち、反応にあたって出入りする熱量は、反応の際の結合の組み換えに伴うものであるから、反応物のもつ結合エネルギーは、組み換えによって生成物の結合エネルギーに変換され、その過不足が反応熱として観測されるのである。ヘスの法則を用いると、熱化学方程式を代数式のように用いて、いろいろな化学反応の反応熱を求めることができる。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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