Early monopoly

Japanese: 初期独占 - しょきどくせん（英語表記）early monopoly

In economics, monopolies were formed in developed countries from the end of the 19th century onwards as a result of the advanced development of capitalism, but attempts to monopolise profit opportunities in limited markets have existed for a much longer time. Particularly during the period of absolute monarchy, which was the early stage of the development of capitalism, numerous monopolies were formed as the interests of old-style political and commercial capital, which sought to monopolise profit opportunities in the face of competition from industrial capital, coincided with the interests of the monarchy, which sought new sources of revenue. These were early monopolies, which were essentially compromising monopolies as opposed to the latest industrial monopolies, which are based on the accumulation and concentration of production, and commercial monopolies, which are the control of commercial capital over a large number of small producers.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

経済学でいう独占は資本主義の高度な発達の結果19世紀末以降先進諸国で形成されたが，限られた市場で収益の機会を独占しようという試みはずっと古くからあった。特に資本主義の発達の初期に当たる絶対王政期には，産業資本の競争に対して営利機会の独占を図る旧型の政商資本と新財源を求める王権の利害とが一致して，多数の独占が形成された。これが初期独占で，生産の集積と集中という最新型の産業独占に対して本質的に買占的独占であり，多数の小生産者に対する商業資本の支配という商業独占である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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