Disperse dyes - Disperse dyes

Dyes for dyeing hydrophobic synthetic fibers from aqueous dispersion baths of water-insoluble dyes. Starting with the discovery (1923) that aminoanthraquinone derivatives could efficiently dye acetate rayon in a dispersed state, nonionic disperse dyes have been developed that do not have anionic ionizable groups such as sulfonic or carboxyl groups in their molecules, but have moderately polar groups such as -NH ₂ , -NHR, -CO ₂ -, =CO, -SO ₂ -, and halogens. Structurally, monoazo, bisazo, and anthraquinone dyes account for 85% of commercially available dyes, with the rest including nitro, styryl, and methine dyes. They do not dye hydrophilic natural fibers, but are mainly used for acetate and polyester fibers, and are also used for dyeing light colors such as nylon and polyacrylonitrile. They have excellent level dyeing ability and light fastness, and although their sublimation and wet fastness were insufficient, structures, dyeing methods, and dispersants suitable for various fibers have been improved. In Japan, dyes are third in production volume after direct dyes and sulfur dyes, but in terms of value and growth rate of production volume, they are far ahead of other types of dyes and take the top spot. There are over 380 brands on the market. In recent years, reactive disperse dyes and metal post-treatment disperse dyes have also been developed.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

疎水性の合成繊維を，水に不溶性の染料の水性分散浴から染色するための染料．アミノアントラキノン誘導体が分散状態でアセテート人絹を効率よく染色するという発見(1923年)にはじまり，分子中にスルホン基やカルボキシル基のようなアニオン性イオン化基をもたず，-NH₂，-NHR，-CO₂-，=CO，-SO₂-，ハロゲンなど適度の極性基をもつ非イオン性分散染料が開発されてきた．構造的には，モノアゾ，ビスアゾ，およびアントラキノン染料が市販染料の85％ を占め，そのほかニトロ，スチリル，メチン染料などがある．親水性の天然繊維には染まらないが，アセテートやポリエステル繊維を主体にし，ナイロンやポリアクリロニトリルなどの淡色染めにも使用されている．均染性や日光堅ろう度にすぐれ，昇華および湿潤堅ろう度は不十分であったが，各種繊維に適した構造，染色法，分散剤が改善されている．わが国では生産量こそ直接染料，硫化染料についで第3位であるが，金額および生産量の延び率においては他種染料を大きく引き離して首位の座を占めている．市販銘柄は380種類を超える．近年，反応分散染料や金属後処理分散染料も開発されている．

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