A catalyst obtained by mixing an organometallic compound of Groups 1-3 (excluding boron) with a metal compound of Groups 4-8 of the periodic table. Using this catalyst system, K. Ziegler succeeded in synthesizing low-pressure polyethylene in 1953. A typical combination is triethylaluminum (C 2 H 5 ) 3 Al and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) . In addition to polymerizing ethene at room temperature and pressure to produce polyethylene, a system using TiCl 3 to give stereospecific polymers by polymerizing α-olefins (alkenes [see other terms]) is excellent as a catalyst for the stereospecific polymerization of propene, and is called a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. It also works as an effective catalyst for reactions such as the synthesis of higher alcohols from monoolefins and the partial reduction of acetylene bonds. It is also used as a polymerization catalyst for butadiene and isoprene, and excellent synthetic rubber is obtained. A mixed catalyst of a transition metal compound other than titanium chloride and an organoaluminum compound and an organoaluminum compound is also called a Ziegler-type catalyst. The reaction between a transition metal compound and an organoaluminum compound produces an organotransition metal compound, which is thought to be the active species of the catalyst. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
周期表1~3族(ホウ素を除く)の有機金属化合物と4~8族の金属化合物の混合により得られる触媒.この触媒系を用いて,K. Ziegler(チーグラー)は1953年に低圧法ポリエチレンを合成することに成功した.トリエチルアルミニウム(C2H5)3Alと四塩化チタンTiCl4の組合せが代表的なもので,エテンを常温・常圧で重合してポリエチレンを与えるほか,α-オレフィン([別用語参照]アルケン)の重合によって,立体特異性重合体を与えるTiCl3を用いた系は,プロペンの立体特異性重合の触媒としてすぐれており,チーグラー-ナッタ触媒とよばれる.また,モノオレフィンから高級アルコールの合成,アセチレン結合の部分還元などの反応にも有効な触媒としてはたらく.またブタジエン,イソプレンの重合触媒としても用いられ,すぐれた合成ゴムが得られる.チタン塩化物-有機アルミニウム化合物以外の遷移金属化合物-有機アルミニウム化合物の混合触媒は,チーグラー型触媒ともよばれる.遷移金属化合物と有機アルミニウム化合物の反応により有機遷移金属化合物が生成し,これが触媒の活性種になっていると考えられている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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