Edward Alexander Westermarck

Japanese: ウェスターマーク - うぇすたーまーく(英語表記)Edward Alexander Westermarck
Edward Alexander Westermarck

Finnish-born sociologist and anthropologist. He first studied philosophy at the University of Finland, but later shifted his academic interests to sociology and anthropology. After serving as a professor of sociology at the University of Helsinki, he moved to England and took up the position of professor of sociology at the University of London, where he spent his later years as a researcher. It is believed that his decision to move to England was influenced by the writings of Charles Darwin. One of his most well-known works is The History of Human Marriage (1891). In this book, he makes extensive use of a wealth of material and employs a reductionist method to reconstruct the family and marriage history of human society, and makes clear his opposition to the theory of primitive promiscuity and the theory that matrilineal clans preceded each other, as advocated by evolutionists such as L. H. Morgan. Another well-known work is The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas (1906, 1908).

[Takenori Noguchi, November 19, 2018]

[References] | History of Human Marriage | Morgan

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フィンランド生まれの社会学者、人類学者。フィンランド大学で最初、哲学を学んだが、のちに社会学、人類学に学問的関心を移した。ヘルシンキ大学の社会学教授を経て、イギリスに渡り、ロンドン大学社会学教授の職につき、晩年までの研究生活をそこで過ごした。イギリスに移る決意をしたのはダーウィンの著書の影響によるものと考えられている。代表的著書としては『人類婚姻史』The History of Human Marriage(1891)がある。本書で豊富な資料を縦横に駆使し、帰約的方法を用いて、人類社会の家族史・婚姻史を再構成しており、L・H・モルガンらの進化主義者が主張する原始乱婚説や母系氏族先行説に反対する立場を明らかにした。そのほかの著作としては『道徳理念の起源と発展』The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas(1906、1908)が有名である。

[野口武徳 2018年11月19日]

[参照項目] | 人類婚姻史 | モルガン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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