This is the name given by Édouard, a novelist, to a work he conceived in The Counterfeiters (1926) by French author André Gide. In The Diary of a Counterfeiter (1926), which reveals the process of his own creation, Gide explains the idea of pure novel in his own words. Édouard is the alter ego of the author, Gide. Gide's basic idea of pure novels was that all elements that do not belong to novels should be eliminated from novels, specifically, that novelists should not take the perspective of God. Later, in his criticism of Mauriac, Sartre opposed the idea of taking the perspective of God as the novelist's perspective, but this argument can be said to have anticipated that. The words from the aforementioned "Diary" "Remember, when you see someone going away, you only see their back" are faithfully followed in "The Counterfeiters", and each chapter of this novel unfolds from the viewpoint of one of the characters. Gide called this novel a romance, perhaps because he thought it was the novel closest to a pure novel. In Japan, Yokomitsu Riichi, inspired by Gide, published "The Theory of the Pure Novel" in 1935 (Showa 10), which was Yokomitsu's own original theory. In response to the flatness of the I-novel, he established a fourth person, "the self looking at itself," and advocated the creation of interesting novels that combined the popularity and entertainment of popular novels with the interiority and ideological qualities of pure literature. "Family Conference" (1935) can be said to be an experimental work in this regard. [Hiroshi Shirai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの作家アンドレ・ジッドの作品『贋金(にせがね)つかい』(1926)のなかで、作中人物の一人である小説家エドワールが、自分の構想する作品に与えた呼称。自作の制作過程をさらけ出した『贋金つかいの日記』(1926)では、ジッド自身のことばで、純粋小説の理念が説明されている。エドワールは作者ジッドの分身なのである。小説から小説に属さないすべての要素を排除する、というのが、純粋小説についてジッドが抱いていた基本的考えであり、具体的には、小説家は神の視点をとるべきではない、ということである。のちにサルトルはモーリヤック批判をしたなかで、神の視点を小説家の視点とすることに反対したが、これはそれを先取りした議論といえよう。前記『日記』のなかの「去り行く者は、その背中しか見えないことに留意せよ」ということばは、『贋金つかい』で忠実に守られており、この小説の各章は、そこに登場する人物のだれか一人の視点を借りて展開していく。この小説だけをジッドがロマンとよんだのは、それがもっとも純粋小説に近い小説である、と考えていたからではあるまいか。 日本では、ジッドに示唆を受けた横光利一(よこみつりいち)が1935年(昭和10)に『純粋小説論』を発表したが、それは横光独自の理論であった。彼は、私小説の平板さに対して、「自分を見る自分」という第四人称を設定して、通俗小説の大衆性と娯楽性、純文学の内面性と思想性とをあわせもつ、おもしろい小説の創造を主張した。『家族会議』(1935)はその実験作であるといえよう。 [白井浩司] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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