In India, King Ashoka of the Mauryan Dynasty erected stone pillars inscribed with edicts in about 30 places around the country, hoping to practice and promote Buddhism. A dozen of these still remain, each 10-13m tall and made of a single monolith of sandstone from Chunar, with a beautifully polished surface. The capitals are carved with images of four lions kneeling back to back, or one of the four sacred animals: a lion, a horse, a cow, or an elephant. The surface of the top plate of the capital is carved with sacred animals or Buddhist decorative motifs, and below that is a bell-shaped part with a lotus design. The most outstanding of the relics is the huge lion capital excavated at Sarnath (Sarnath Museum) that combines four lions. The edicts are inscribed in Brahmi script as well as Kharosthi script. The inscriptions are not merely historical records, but are also important sources for understanding the stages of development of ancient Indo-Aryan languages and the history of writing. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インド,マウリヤ朝のアショーカ王が仏法の実践と宣揚を願い,法勅を刻んで国内各地約 30ヵ所に建てた石柱。十数基が現存し,高さは 10~13m,チュナール産砂岩の一本石 (モノリス) を用い,表面を美しく研磨している。柱頭には4頭の獅子が背中合せに跪坐する像や,獅子,馬,牛,象のいわゆる4聖獣のなかの1獣を刻む。柱頭頂板の表面には聖獣あるいは仏教的な装飾文を彫り,その下に蓮華の意匠の鐘形部を作っている。遺品のうち,4頭の獅子を組合せたサールナート出土の巨大な獅子柱頭 (サールナート博物館) が最もすぐれている。法勅の文字はブラーフミー文字のほか,カローシュティー文字で刻まれているものもある。碑文は単に歴史的記録としてのみでなく,古代インド=アーリア語の発展段階や文字の歴史を知るうえで重要な資料となっている。
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