columnar joint

Japanese: columnar joint(英語表記)columnarjoint
columnar joint

...On flat land, lava flows spread in an alluvial fan shape, but when this happens, branching channels form within the lava flow, and fresh lava is replenished to the tip. Polygonal cooling cracks are often seen on the cross section of solidified lava, and are called columnar joints. When lava erupts on the bottom of the water, it is rapidly cooled and broken up by the water, and often becomes an aggregate of fine rock fragments (hyaloclastite). In particular, in the case of high-temperature basaltic lava, pillow lava consisting of an aggregate of ellipsoidal bags or tubes is produced.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "columnar joint" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…平坦地では扇状地状に広がるが,そのときは溶岩流の中に樹枝状の流路が生じ,新鮮な溶岩が先端部へ補給されるようになる。固結した溶岩の断面にはしばしば多角柱状の冷却割れ目がみられ,柱状節理columnar jointと呼ばれる。溶岩が水底に噴出すると,水により急冷・破砕され,細粒岩片の集合体(ハイアロクラスタイト)になることが多いが,とくに高温の玄武岩質溶岩の場合は,楕円体の袋や筒の集合体からなる枕状溶岩が生じる。…

※「columnar joint」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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