Hull, Cordell

Japanese: ハル（英語表記）Hull, Cordell

Born October 2, 1871 in Overton, Tennessee
Died July 23, 1955. Bethesda, Maryland. American politician. Graduated from the University of the Cumberlands School of Law in 1891. Served in the House of Representatives from 1907 to 1921 and 1923 to 1931, and in the Senate in 1931. Appointed Secretary of State by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, he worked to improve relations with Latin America. In the fall of 1941, he strongly defended China's rights in the Japan-US negotiations. On November 26, 1941, he presented the so-called "Hull Note," but Japan took this as an ultimatum and decided to start the Pacific War. In 1943, he participated in the Moscow Foreign Ministers' Conference, and promoted the Four-Power Declaration, which published the basic principles for a world peace organization to replace the League of Nations, and continued to work passionately on the creation of the United Nations. Hull's idealism is reflected in the UN Charter. For his work, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945.

Haru
Hull, Clark L(eonard)

Born May 24, 1884 in Akron, New York
[Died] May 10, 1952. New Haven, Connecticut. American psychologist. Professor at the Yale University Institute of Human Relations. After conducting research on ability tests and hypnosis, he became interested in IP Pavlov's conditioned reflexes, and based on them he developed them further, aiming to systematize behavior in general, and was active as a central scholar of neo-behaviorism or behavioral theory. His main works are Hypnosis and Suggestibility (1933), Principles of Behavior (43), and A Behavior System (52).

Haru
Hull

The former city area of Gatineau, southwestern Quebec, eastern Canada. Founded in 1800 as a settlement for lumbermen who emigrated from Massachusetts in the United States, it was incorporated as a city in 1875. In 2002, it was merged with the neighboring cities of Herme, Buckingham, and Masson-Angers to form Gatineau. Located on the banks of the Ottawa River, across from Ottawa, Ontario, it is the administrative and economic center of southwestern Quebec. It is named after Kingston-upon-Hull in the UK. It is home to pulp, paper, and match factories that utilize abundant forests and hydroelectric resources, as well as cement, clothing, meat processing, furniture, and printing factories. It is an industrial area of the Ottawa metropolitan area.

Haru
Hull, William

Born June 24, 1753 in Derby, Connecticut
[Died] November 29, 1825, Newton, Massachusetts. American soldier. Served in the Northern Theater during the War of Independence. Served as Governor of Michigan Territory from 1805 to 1812. Devoted himself to obtaining land cession from the Native Americans. During the War of 1812, as a brigadier general, he was ordered to defend Michigan and invade Canada, but failed. His army retreated to Detroit and surrendered (August 16, 1812). He was sentenced to death by firing squad at a military tribunal, but the sentence was not carried out due to his achievements during the War of Independence.

Haru
Hull, Isaac

Born March 9, 1773 in Derby, Connecticut
Died: February 13, 1843, Philadelphia. American military officer. Became a captain at the age of 19, and was commissioned a lieutenant in the navy in 1798. He fought in naval battles with France and the Battle of Tripoli. As a naval captain, he participated in the American-British War, commanding the warship Constitution in August 1812 and sinking the British warship Geriatric, boosting morale of the American army. In 1823, he was promoted to brigadier general. From 1824 onwards, he served as commander-in-chief of the Pacific Fleet and the Mediterranean Fleet.

Haru

Please see the Kingston upon Hull page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1871.10.2. テネシー，オーバートン
[没]1955.7.23. メリーランド，ベセズダ
アメリカ合衆国の政治家。1891年カンバーランド大学法学部卒業。1907～21年，1923～31年下院議員，1931年上院議員となった。1933年フランクリン・D.ルーズベルト大統領によって国務長官に任命され，ラテンアメリカとの関係改善に努力。1941年秋の日米交渉では中国の権利を強く擁護した。同 1941年11月26日いわゆる「ハル・ノート」を示したが，日本はこれを最後通牒とみなし，太平洋戦争開戦に踏み切った。1943年モスクワ外相会議に参加，国際連盟に代わる世界平和機構についての基本的原則を公表した四ヵ国宣言を推進し，その後も国際連合の創設に情熱を注いだ。ハルの理想主義は国連憲章にも反映されている。その活躍により，1945年ノーベル平和賞を受賞。

ハル
Hull， Clark L(eonard)

[生]1884.5.24. ニューヨーク近郊アクロン
[没]1952.5.10. コネティカット，ニューヘーブン
アメリカの心理学者。エール大学人間関係研究所教授。能力テスト，催眠などの研究を行なったのち，I.P.パブロフの条件反射に傾倒，それに基づきながらそれを発展させ，行動一般の体系化を目指し，新行動主義または行動理論の中心的学者として活躍した。主著『催眠と被暗示性』 Hypnosis and Suggestibility (1933) ，『行動の原理』 Principles of Behavior (43) ，『行動体系』A Behavior System (52) 。

ハル
Hull

カナダ東部，ケベック州南西部，ガティノー南部の旧市域。1800年アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州から移住した製材業者の居住地として開かれ，1875年市制施行。2002年隣接するエルメ，バッキンガム，マソン＝アンジェの 3市とともにガティノーと合体した。オタワ川河畔，オンタリオ州オタワの対岸にあり，ケベック州南西部の行政，経済の中心地。地名はイギリスのキングストンアポンハルにちなむ。豊富な森林，水力資源を利用したパルプ，製紙，マッチ工場があり，ほかにセメント，衣料，食肉加工，家具，印刷工場なども立地。オタワ大都市圏の工業地帯をなす。

ハル
Hull， William

[生]1753.6.24. コネティカット，ダービー
[没]1825.11.29. マサチューセッツ，ニュートン
アメリカの軍人。独立戦争のとき北部戦線で活躍。 1805～12年ミシガン准州総督。インディアンからの土地割譲に尽力。アメリカ＝イギリス戦争 (1812) では陸軍准将としてミシガン防衛とカナダ侵入を命じられたが失敗，彼の軍はデトロイトに退いて降伏した (12.8.16.) 。このため軍事裁判で銃殺刑を宣告されたが，独立戦争中の功により刑は執行されなかった。

ハル
Hull， Isaac

[生]1773.3.9. コネティカット，ダービー
[没]1843.2.13. フィラデルフィア
アメリカの軍人。 19歳のとき船長となり，1798年海軍大尉に任じられた。フランスとの海戦やトリポリとの戦いで活躍。海軍大佐としてアメリカ＝イギリス戦争に参加，1812年8月軍艦『コンスティチューション』号を指揮し，イギリス軍艦『ゲリエーア』号を沈没させ，アメリカ軍の士気を高めた。 23年准将。 24年以降太平洋艦隊，地中海艦隊の司令長官などをつとめた。