French composer and conductor. Born in Montbrison, Loire, central France. He studied harmony under Messiaen, counterpoint under the wife of composer Honegger, and twelve-tone technique under Leibowitz at the Paris Conservatoire. From 1946 to 1956, he served as musical director of the Renaud Barrault Theatre Company, and in 1954, with the cooperation of the company, he organized and conducted the Domaine Musical, a series of contemporary music concerts in Paris. He secured his position as a composer with Le Marteau sans maître , which premiered in 1955. Along with Nono and Stockhausen, he was a central figure in the Darmstadt Summer School of Music and had a huge influence. His style is characterized by an extremely delicate and sensuous style of writing based on the technique of total serialism, an expansion of Webern's series technique. His representative works include Structures (volume 1, 1951; volume 2, 1956-1961), Éclats (1964), and Pli Selon Pli (final version, 1969). From the late 1970s to 1991, he served as the first director of the Institute for Music Research (IRCAM) at the Centre Pompidou in Paris. His work Répons (1981-1986), which used the institute's gigantic computer, was an attempt to electronically process live orchestral sounds in real time and play them through speakers, and is said to be representative of computer music in the 1980s. Since the 1960s, Boulez has been the de facto leader of French contemporary music. He was also extremely well-known as a conductor. He visited Japan several times since 1967. [Shuhei Hosokawa January 19, 2016] "Will and Chance" translated by Shinji Tanamura (1977, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "Boulez's Music Theory - Notes from a Cousin" translated by Takashi Funayama and Eiko Kasaba (1982, Shobunsha)" ▽ "Reference Points" translated by Eiko Kasaba and Ichiro Nodaira (1989, Shoshi Kaze no Bara)" ▽ "Thinking about Contemporary Music" translated by Eiko Kasaba (1996, Seidosha)" ▽ "Signposts: A Guidepost for Musical Thinking" translated by Eiko Kasaba (2002, Seidosha)" ▽ "Portraits of Musicians - From the Workshops of Composers and Performers" written by Felix Schmitt and translated by Tomoyoshi Takatsuji (1987, Ongaku No Tomosha)" ▽ "An Introduction to Modern and Contemporary French Music" written by Kenichiro Isoda (1991, Ongaku No Tomosha)" ▽ "The Eye and the Ear: A Phenomenology of What is Seen and Heared" by Miquel Dufresne, translated by San Yu (1995, Misuzu Shobo)" ▽ "The Complete Works of Yoshida Hidekazu 5: On Conducting" by Yoshida Hidekazu, newly reprinted edition (1999, Hakusuisha)" ▽ "Dominique Jameux, Susan Bradshaw: Pierre Boulez (1990, Harvard University Press)" ▽ "Jean Vermeil, Camille Naish: Conversations with Boulez; Thoughts on Conducting (1996, Amadeus Press)" [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの作曲家、指揮者。中部フランス、ロアール県のモンブリゾンに生まれる。パリ音楽院でメシアンに和声を、作曲家オネゲルの夫人に対位法を、レイボウィッツに十二音技法を学ぶ。1946~1956年、ルノー・バロー劇団の音楽監督を務め、1954年には同劇団の協力を得てパリに現代音楽連続演奏会「ドメーヌ・ミュジカルDomaine Musical」を組織してその運営と指揮にあたり、1955年初演の『主なき槌(つち)(ル・マルトー・サン・メートル)』Le Marteau sans maîtreで作曲家としての地位を確保する。ノーノ、シュトックハウゼンとともに、ダルムシュタット夏期音楽講座の中心人物として、非常に大きな影響力を残す。その作風は、ウェーベルンのセリー技法を拡大したトータル・セリエリズムの技法に基づく、きわめて繊細で感覚的な書法を特徴とする。 代表作に『ストリュクチュール』Structures(第1集1951、第2集1956~1961)、『エクラ』Éclats(1964)、『プリ・スロン・プリ』Pli Selon Pli(最終稿1969)などがある。1970年代後半から1991年にかけては、パリのポンピドー・センターの音楽研究所IRCAM(イルカム)初代所長を務めた。研究所の巨大なコンピュータを用いた作品『レポン』Répons(1981~1986)は、生(なま)のオーケストラ音をリアルタイムで電子的に加工してスピーカーを通して聴くという試みで、1980年代のコンピュータ音楽の代表といわれている。1960年代以来、ブーレーズはフランス現代音楽の事実上のリーダーを務めた。また指揮者としてもきわめて高名であった。1967年(昭和42)以来、数度来日した。 [細川周平 2016年1月19日] 『店村新次訳『意志と偶然』(1977・法政大学出版局)』▽『船山隆・笠羽映子訳『ブーレーズ音楽論――従弟の覚書』(1982・晶文社)』▽『笠羽映子・野平一郎訳『参照点』(1989・書肆風の薔薇)』▽『笠羽映子訳『現代音楽を考える』(1996・青土社)』▽『笠羽映子訳『標柱音楽思考の道しるべ』(2002・青土社)』▽『フェーリックス・シュミット著、高辻知義訳『音楽家の肖像――作曲家と演奏家の工房から』(1987・音楽之友社)』▽『磯田健一郎著『近代・現代フランス音楽入門』(1991・音楽之友社)』▽『ミケル・デュフレンヌ著、桟優訳『眼と耳――見えるものと聞こえるものの現象学』(1995・みすず書房)』▽『吉田秀和著『吉田秀和全集5 指揮者について』新装復刊版(1999・白水社)』▽『Dominique Jameux, Susan Bradshaw:Pierre Boulez(1990, Harvard University Press)』▽『Jean Vermeil, Camille Naish:Conversations with Boulez;Thoughts on Conducting(1996, Amadeus Press)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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