An evergreen fern of the family Lobenthaceae. The large, bipinnate compound leaves grow to 1-2 meters in length and are borne in clusters from a fleshy, lumpy rhizome up to 30 cm in diameter. The petiole surface is covered with numerous air holes that appear as white spots. The leaves are thick but soft. The pinnae are 30-70 cm long and 10-20 cm wide, with a swollen joint at the base and 15-25 pairs of lanceolate pinnae. The lateral veins are simple or branched once, parallel to each other, and reach near the margins. From the margins, there are retrograde white pseudoveins between each lateral vein, which usually disappear halfway to the midrib. The sporangia are a group of several pairs of sporangia that grow parallel to the lateral veins, some distance from the leaf margin. The sporangium is a true sac whose wall consists of several cell layers. It grows in shady mountain forests and is relatively common from Kyushu southward. The forest within the grounds of Yahatano Hachimangu Shrine in Ito City, Shizuoka Prefecture, is the northernmost area where it grows naturally and has been designated a national natural monument. The sporangium is also cultivated in greenhouses for decorative purposes. The false sporangium of the Ogasawara Islands resembles this species, but the sporangium is fused. [Harufumi Nishida] ©Junzo Fujishima "> Main types of ferns (2) [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
リュウビンタイ科の常緑性シダ。葉は大形の2回羽状複葉で長さ1~2メートルになり、径30センチメートルに達する肉質塊状の根茎から数枚束生する。葉柄表面には通気孔が多く分布し、それが白斑(はくはん)にみえる。葉質は厚いが柔らかい。羽片は長さ30~70センチメートル、幅10~20センチメートルで、基部に膨らんだ関節があり、披針(ひしん)形の小羽片を15~25対つける。側脈は単状か1回分枝して互いに平行になり、辺縁近くに達する。辺縁からは各側脈の間に逆行する白色の偽脈(ぎみゃく)があり、通常、中肋(ちゅうろく)への中間ほどで消失する。胞子嚢(のう)群は数対の胞子嚢が並んだ形のもので、葉縁からすこし離れ、側脈と平行になって生ずる。胞子嚢は壁が数個の細胞層からなる真嚢である。陰湿な山林中に生じ、九州以南では比較的よくみかける。静岡県伊東市の八幡野八幡宮(やはたのはちまんぐう)境内の森林は、自生北限地として国の天然記念物に指定されている。リュウビンタイは観賞用に温室でも栽植される。小笠原(おがさわら)諸島のリュウビンタイモドキは本種に似るが、胞子嚢が癒着している。 [西田治文] ©藤島淳三"> シダ植物のおもな種類(2)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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