A British radical activist. He started out as a leather trouser maker and was a member of the London Corresponding Society. He believed that wage negotiations should be free, and since 1814 he has worked to repeal the trade union ban, which he finally succeeded in 1824 through clever means. He also planned an uprising to reform the parliamentary system. He was impressed by Godwin's Political Justice, but was originally a Benthamite and believed in the iron law of wages and the wage fund theory. He wrote Illustrations and Proofs of the Principle of Population (1822), criticizing both Godwin and Malthus, and became a pioneer of neo-Malthusianism by advocating birth control. In 1838 he wrote the People's Charter for the Chartist movement. [Atsushi Shirai] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの急進主義運動家。革ズボン職人出身。ロンドン通信協会に属した。賃金の駆け引きは自由でなければならないという立場から、1814年来、労働組合の団結禁止法撤廃に努力し、巧妙な手段で1824年にようやく成功した。また議会制度改革のための蜂起(ほうき)を計画している。ゴドウィンの『政治的正義』に感動したが、元来がベンサム主義者で、賃金鉄則説、賃金基金説を信奉し、『人口原理の説明と証明』Illustrations and Proofs of the Principle of Population(1822)を書いてゴドウィンとマルサスの双方を批判、産児制限を主張して新マルサス主義の先駆者となった。1838年にはチャーティスト運動の「人民憲章」People's Charterを書いた。 [白井 厚] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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