An outstanding revolutionary born in Latin America. Born into a middle-class family in Rosario, Argentina, he suffered from asthma since childhood. While studying medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, he traveled around Latin America to broaden his knowledge of the realities of the region. After earning his degree, he went to Guatemala in Central America, where he witnessed the overthrow of the progressive Arbenz government by counter-revolutionary forces supported by the CIA. He then went to Mexico, where he befriended revolutionaries in exile from Cuba and joined their revolutionary movement. At the end of 1956, he joined Castro's group and invaded Cuba, serving as a commander of the rebel army. He later wrote Guerilla Warfare (1960), which theorized the method of revolution through guerilla warfare, and was a major influence as the bible of armed revolution in Latin America. After overthrowing the Batista regime in early 1959, he became president of the National Bank under the new government (October 1959) and was appointed the first Minister of Industry in February 1961. From then until his disappearance from the public scene in March 1965, he led the construction of Cuba's socialist economy as Minister of Industry, and through the publication of numerous articles and books, including "Cuba: Historical Exception or Vanguard in the Anti-Imperialist Struggle" (1961), and through his active participation in international conferences held around the world, he positioned the Cuban Revolution as the vanguard of the Latin American Revolution and worked to build solidarity with anti-imperialist national liberation struggles in Asia and Africa. After disappearing from Cuba, he infiltrated Bolivia and formed the National Liberation Army, which began guerrilla warfare in 1966, but was captured and shot by government forces in October 1967. Not only did Guevara's ideas and actions consistently play a driving force in the Cuban Revolution, but his sincere attitude as a revolutionary and the radicalism of his ideas and actions also had a major impact on other parts of the world. [Yuzo Kamo] "The Selected Works of Guevara, 4 volumes (1968-1969, Aoki Shoten)" ▽ "The Guevara Diaries, translated by Hiraoka Midori (Chuko Bunko)" ▽ "Revolutionary War Memoirs, by Guevara, translated by Hiraoka Midori (Chuko Bunko)" ▽ "The Life of Che Guevara, by Miyoshi Toru (Bunshun Bunko)" [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ラテンアメリカが生んだ傑出した革命家。アルゼンチンのロサリオ市の中流家庭の生まれで、幼児のときから喘息(ぜんそく)の持病に苦しめられた。ブエノス・アイレス大学で医学を学ぶかたわら、ラテンアメリカの各地を旅行してこの地域の現実について見聞を広め、大学で学位を得たのちは中米のグアテマラに行き、そこで進歩的なアルベンス政権がアメリカのCIAに援助された反革命軍の手で転覆されるのを目撃した。その後メキシコに行き、キューバから亡命していた革命家たちと親交を結んで彼らの革命運動に参加した。1956年末カストロらのグループに加わってキューバに侵攻し、反乱軍の一司令官として活躍した。のちにゲリラ戦による革命の方法を理論化した『ゲリラ戦争』(1960)を著し、ラテンアメリカの武装革命のバイブルとして大きな影響を及ぼした。 1959年初めにバチスタ政権を打倒したのち、新政権のもとで国立銀行総裁(1959年10月)となり、1961年2月には初代工業相に就任した。その後1965年3月以来公式の場から姿を消すまで、工業相としてキューバの社会主義経済の建設を指導するとともに、『キューバ――反帝闘争の歴史的例外か前衛か』(1961)をはじめとする多数の論文や著作の発表により、また世界各地で開かれた国際会議への精力的な出席を通じて、キューバ革命をラテンアメリカ革命の前衛として位置づけるとともに、アジア、アフリカでの反帝国主義民族解放闘争との連帯に努めた。キューバから姿を消したのちボリビアに潜入して民族解放軍を結成し、1966年からゲリラ戦を開始したが、翌1967年10月政府軍の手で捕らえられ射殺された。ゲバラの思想と行動は一貫してキューバ革命の推進力の役割を果たしたばかりか、革命家として誠実な姿勢と思想と行動がもつ急進主義は、世界の他の地域にも大きな影響を及ぼした。 [加茂雄三] 『『ゲバラ選集』全4巻(1968~1969・青木書店)』▽『平岡緑訳『ゲバラ日記』(中公文庫)』▽『ゲバラ著、平岡緑訳『革命戦争回顧録』(中公文庫)』▽『三好徹著『チェ・ゲバラ伝』(文春文庫)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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