It is an altered basic rock, generally exhibiting a porous or almond-like structure, and the original minerals have been altered so that feldspar has become albite and pyroxene has been replaced by other minerals. It may contain serpentinized olivine. It is rich in carbonate minerals, agate, jasper, etc. It often occurs in pillow lava. The name spilite was given to altered basalt and is still used, but there is an opinion that this name should be removed. Spirite was first used by Bonnard in 1819, and was defined by Brongniart as an altered basaltic rock rich in secondary minerals [Brongniart: 1827]. Flett later adapted the term to refer to basaltic pillow lavas rich in calcite and chlorite [Flett: 907]. Dewey and Flett included sodium-rich dolerite rocks related to spirite in the spilite series [Dewey & Flett: 1917]. Keratophyre is also included in this series [Vallance: 1960]. Spilite is a basic volcanic rock in the series, occurring as lava or pillow lava. It has a basaltic or doleritic texture, with albite occurring in association with augite, chlorite, carbonate minerals, epidote, pumpellyite, and rarely hydrogrossular. Spilite is very common in marine geosynclinal deposits, occurring together with serpentinite, chert, and other rocks. In spilite, the plagioclase is of albite to oligoclase composition, and contains aegyrite. Pyroxene and chlorite are common as colored minerals, and since the plagioclase has become albite, it is thought that the basalt has undergone secondary transformation, and some also believe that it is due to weak regional metamorphism. There are various views on the origin of the H 2 O that caused the change, including whether it was internal H 2 O or H 2 O added from outside, and there is also an opinion that it was not the result of secondary transformation, but rather that it was formed primarily from magma with a high H 2 O content [Amstutz: 1974]. SpiriteSource: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information |
変質した塩基性岩で,一般に多孔状あるいは杏仁状構造を示し,もとの鉱物は変質作用を受けて長石は曹長石となり,輝石は他の鉱物に置き換えられている.蛇紋石化した橄欖(かんらん)石があることがある.炭酸塩鉱物,めのう,ジャスパーなどに富む.しばしば枕状熔岩などに産する.スピライトの名は変質した玄武岩につけられたもので今も用いられているが,この名称は取り除いたほうがよいという考えがある. スピライトはボナール(Bonnard)によって1819年に使用され,ブロニアールによって,変質した玄武岩質の岩石で二次鉱物に富んでいるものと定義された[Brongniart : 1827].その後フレットは,この語を変換して方解石や緑泥石に富んだ玄武岩質の枕状熔岩に使用した[Flett : 907].デューイとフレットはスピライトと関係のあるNaに富んだドレライト質の岩石を含めてスピライト系列とした[Dewey & Flett : 1917].ケラトファイアもこの系列に含まれている[Vallance : 1960]. スピライトは系列の中で塩基性火山岩のものであり,熔岩あるいは枕状熔岩として産出する.玄武岩質またはドレライト質な組織を示し,曹長石がオージャイト,緑泥石,炭酸塩鉱物,緑簾石,パンペリ石や,まれにハイドログロスラールなどに伴われて出現する.スピライトは海洋の地向斜堆積物に非常に普通で,蛇紋岩,チャートなどの岩石と共に産出する.スピライトでは,斜長石が曹長石からオリゴクレースの組成のもので,エジル輝石が含まれている.有色鉱物としては輝石と緑泥石が普通で,斜長石が曹長石になっていることから玄武岩が二次的変化を受けたとの考えがあり,弱い広域変成作用によるとする考え方もある.変化を起こしたH2Oの起源については,内部のH2Oとするか外部から加わったH2Oとするか様々な見方があり,二次的な変化によるものではなくて一次的にH2Oの多いマグマからできたという意見もある[Amstutz : 1974]. スピライト出典 朝倉書店岩石学辞典について 情報 |
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