Maraging steel - maraging steel

Japanese: マルエージング鋼 - まるえーじんぐこう(英語表記)maraging steel
Maraging steel - maraging steel

Also known as maraging steel, this steel typically contains 18% nickel and other alloying elements such as aluminum, titanium, molybdenum, and cobalt.

Ordinary steel is strengthened by intentionally adding less than 2% carbon, but maraging steel is characterized by its extremely low carbon content. When ordinary steel is quenched, it hardens into a structure called martensite, and when tempered, it softens. Quenched maraging steel becomes martensite when quenched in the same way as ordinary steel, but this martensite is soft because it does not contain carbon, and can be processed into complex shapes by press forming. When it is then heated to around 500°C (aging), compounds of the alloy elements precipitate, making it extremely hard, but the characteristic of maraging steel is that the amount of distortion during this process is small.

This steel, an abbreviation of martensitic aging steel, was initially developed for missile and rocket warheads, but is now also used in complex and precise machine components and tools that require particular strength.

[Hajime Sudo]

[Reference item] | Martensite

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マルエージ鋼ともいう。代表的な組成が、18%のニッケルのほかにアルミニウム、チタン、モリブデン、コバルトなどの合金元素を添加した鋼である。

 通常の鋼では2%以下の炭素を故意に含ませて強化を図るが、マルエージング鋼では炭素含有量を極力少なくしている点が特徴である。通常の鋼は焼き入れるとマルテンサイトとよばれる組織となって硬化し、焼き戻すと軟化する。焼き入れられたマルエージング鋼は普通の鋼と同様に焼き入れてマルテンサイトになるが、このマルテンサイトは炭素を含まないので軟らかく、プレス成形により複雑な形状に加工することができる。その後に500℃付近に加熱(エージングaging)すると合金元素の化合物が析出して、甚だ硬くなるが、その際のひずみ量が少ないことが特長である。

 マルテンサイト・エージング鋼を縮めて命名されたこの鋼は、最初ミサイルやロケットの弾頭のために開発されたが、現在は強靭(きょうじん)性をとくに要求される複雑・精密を要する機械部材や工具にも用いられている。

[須藤 一]

[参照項目] | マルテンサイト

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