A Dutch clinical physician. He obtained his medical degree from Harderweg University in 1693 and opened a practice in Leiden. He was appointed lecturer at Leiden University in 1701, became professor of clinical medicine and botany in 1709, and also became professor of chemistry in 1718. He focused on practical clinical medical education, and was the first in the world to conduct "bedside teaching" at 12 hospital beds, 6 for men and 6 for women. He did not neglect the investigation of past medical history, the course of illness, or clinical observation, but placed importance on temperature measurement, clinical application of microscopes, chemical testing of urine, and postmortem dissection. His fame was growing at the time, and medical students from all over the world flocked to Leiden to attend his clinical lectures. He followed the doctrine of Hippocrates, and was an eclecticist, not leaning to either the school of physics or the school of chemistry. He was president of Leiden University (1714-1715), a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris (1715), and a member of the Royal Society of London (1730). Among his students were such outstanding scholars as the Swiss physiologist A. Haller, Gerard Van Swieten (1700-1772), the founder of the Viennese school of medicine, his successor Anton de Haen (1704-1776), and the Swedish botanist Linnaeus. He also had a great influence on Dutch studies in Japan. [Akira Furukawa] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オランダの臨床医学者。1693年ハルデルウェーク大学で医学の学位をとり、ライデンで開業した。1701年ライデン大学講師に迎えられ、1709年臨床医学と植物学の教授となり、1718年から化学の教授を兼ねた。彼は実地臨床医学教育に力を注ぎ、世界で初めての「ベッドサイド・ティーチング」を男女各6、計12病床で行った。前歴の調査、疾病の経過、臨床観察を軽視せず、体温の測定、顕微鏡の臨床応用、尿の化学検査、死後の解剖などを重視した。当時彼の名声は高まり、各国の医学生が臨床講義に出席のため、ライデンに集まった。ヒポクラテスの教義を守り、物理学派や化学派に偏らず、折衷派であった。ライデン大学学長(1714~1715)、パリ王立科学アカデミー会員(1715)、ロンドン王立協会会員(1730)などとなった。門下には、スイスの生理学者A・ハラー、ウィーン医学派の開祖ファン・スウィーテンGerard Van Swieten(1700―1772)、その後継者ハエンAnton de Haen(1704―1776)、スウェーデンの植物学者リンネら、優秀な学者がいる。日本の蘭学(らんがく)に及ぼした影響も大きい。 [古川 明] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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