…There are eight types of trials: (1) Fire Trial (holding a red-hot iron), (2) Water Trial (submerging the victim underwater for a certain period of time), (3) Scale Trial (weighing the victim twice and comparing the weight before and after), (4) Poison Trial (feeding the victim poison or being bitten by a poisonous snake), (5) Divine Water Trial (making the victim drink divine water), (6) Rice Trial (making the victim bite rice offered to the gods), (7) Boiling Oil Trial (making the victim take money from boiling oil), and (8) Lottery Trial (drawing two lots, black and white). There are also other trials such as the Crocodile Trial (Vietnam), which is based on whether a crocodile will harm the victim, but in any case, these are dangerous and painful methods of trial. However, in ancient societies, these supernatural beings were used to settle competing claims, bringing stability to the society in question or peace between the parties involved. … *Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Crocodile Divine Trial" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(1)火神判(灼熱した鉄を握らせる),(2)水神判(水底に没して一定時間耐えさせる),(3)秤神判(体重を2度計量して前後を比較する),(4)毒神判(毒を食させ,または毒蛇にかませる),(5)神水神判(神水をのませる),(6)嚼米神判(神饌米をかませる),(7)沸油神判(沸かした油の中から貨幣をとらせる),(8)抽籤神判(黒白二つのくじをひかせる)の8種である。このほかにもワニが害すかどうかによる鰐魚神判(ベトナム)などもあるが,いずれにしても危険,苦痛をともなう裁判方法といえる。しかし古代的社会においては,こうした超自然的存在によって相争う主張に決着がつき当該社会に安定がもたらされ,あるいは当事者間に平和がもたらされたのである。… ※「鰐魚神判」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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