Winchester

Japanese: ウィンチェスター(英語表記)Winchester
Winchester
The capital of Hampshire County in the south of England. It is part of the Winchester region, including the surrounding area. It is located about 100 km southwest of London, in the valley of the River Itchen. It is believed to have been inhabited since the Iron Age, and developed as a key transportation point in the Roman period under the name of Venta Belgarum. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Wessex in the Anglo-Saxon period, and in the late 7th century, the bishopric was moved here from Dorchester on the Thames, and it flourished as a religious center. When Egbert of Wessex became King of England in 829, the city assumed the appearance of the capital of England, and always competed with London, and became a literary center under Alfred the Great. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, it flourished as a commercial center, and William II obtained a royal charter to establish the City of St. Giles, reaching its peak in the early 12th century. The city began to decline after it was burned down during the civil war under King Stephen (reigned 1135-54), and London, with its favorable geographical location, began to develop in its place as the capital of England in both name and reality. Today, in addition to being the religious and administrative center, it mainly functions as a distribution center for agricultural products, and industry has not developed much. Since the mid-20th century, the city has developed as a residential area as the transport network connecting it to London and Southampton has become denser. It is also an educational center, and Winchester College (1382) is famous as a prestigious public school. The city has many historical buildings, including the cathedral, which began with St. Suidine's Cathedral in the Anglo-Saxon period. Area of ​​the district: 659 km2 . Population of the district: 110,000 (2004 estimate). Urban population: 41,420 (2001).

Winchester
Winchester, Charles A.

A British diplomat who came to Japan at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate. He traveled to China in June 1842 as a naval surgeon, and served in Hong Kong and Amoy. He worked in consular affairs from 1854, and served as vice consul in Ningbo and acting consul in Canton. He was appointed consul in Hakodate in March 1861, and came to Japan. He served as charge d'affaires from March to May the following year, and then as consul in Kanagawa and Nagasaki. When minister R. Alcock returned to Japan from December 1864 to July the following year, he became charge d'affaires again. When his successor H. Parkes arrived, he was transferred to Shanghai as consul, and retired from official duties on June 9, 1870. During his stay in Japan, he particularly recommended to the Edo Shogunate that the domestic political situation be resolved by promoting trade among the feudal lords in accordance with the Shogunate's policy, and while in Shanghai, he also dealt with the issue of indemnity for the Shikoku Fleet's bombardment of Shimonoseki.

Winchester
Winchester

A city in northern Virginia, United States. It is located near the border with West Virginia, about 110 km west-northwest of the capital, Washington DC. It was founded in 1744 by Colonel J. Wood. The name is a direct copy of the British city of Winchester. Located in the center of a fertile valley, it has many apple orchards and huge apple refrigeration warehouses throughout the city, making it a major trading center for apples for export. The Shenandoah Apple Festival, held every April, is famous. It manufactures a variety of rubber and plastic products, cans, steel conveyors, woolen textiles, etc. There are three important battlefields from the Civil War, and it also has many historical buildings. Population 20,000 1947 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イギリス,イングランド南部,ハンプシャー県の県都。周辺を含めてウィンチェスター地区を構成する。ロンドンの西南西約 100km,イッチェン川の谷にある。鉄器時代から人が住んでいたと考えられ,ローマ時代にはウェンタベルガルム Venta Belgarumの名のもとに交通の要地として発展。アングロ・サクソン時代にはウェセックス王国の首都となり,7世紀後半にはテムズ川沿岸のドーチェスターからここに主教座が移され,宗教中心地としても繁栄。829年ウェセックス王エグベルトがイングランド王になると,市はイングランドの首都の観を呈し,ロンドンと常に競い合い,アルフレッド大王のもとで文芸の中心地となった。1066年のノルマン・コンクェスト後は商業中心地として繁栄,ウィリアム2世により聖ジャイルズ市開設の勅許を得,12世紀初めに最盛期を迎えた。スティーブン王(在位 1135~54)の治世の内乱時に市街が焼き払われてから衰退し始め,代わって地理的条件に恵まれるロンドンが名実ともにイングランドの首都として発展し始めた。今日,宗教,行政の中心地であるほかは,おもに農産物の集散地として機能しており,工業はあまり発展していない。20世紀半ば以降ロンドン,サウサンプトンと結ぶ交通網が密になるとともに,住宅地としても発展。教育中心地でもあり,ウィンチェスター・カレッジ(1382)はパブリック・スクールの名門として有名。市内にはアングロ・サクソン時代の聖スイジン聖堂に始まる大聖堂をはじめとする歴史的建築物が多い。地区面積 659km2。地区人口 11万(2004推計)。都市人口 4万1420(2001)。

ウィンチェスター
Winchester, Charles A.

幕末に来日したイギリスの外交官。海軍軍医として 1842年6月中国に渡り,ホンコン,アモイ (厦門) に在勤,54年以後領事事務にたずさわり,ニンポー (寧波) 副領事,広東代理領事などを歴任,61年3月箱館 (函館) 領事に任命され来日。翌年3月から5月まで代理公使をつとめ,次いで神奈川,長崎領事を歴任,64年 12月から翌年7月まで公使 R.オールコックの帰国にあたり,再び代理公使となる。後任 H.パークスの着任とともに上海領事として転出,70年6月9日公務を退いた。滞日中は,とりわけ幕府の方針に基づいた諸大名の貿易振興をもって国内政局を打開するよう江戸幕府に勧告し,上海にあっても,四国艦隊下関砲撃事件の賠償金問題の処理にあたった。

ウィンチェスター
Winchester

アメリカ合衆国,バージニア州北部の都市。ウェストバージニア州との州境に近く,首都ワシントン D.C.から西北西へ約 110kmの距離にある。 1744年,J.ウッド大佐によって建設された。地名はイギリスのウィンチェスターをそのままつけたもの。肥沃な渓谷の中心に位置し,リンゴ園が多く,各所に巨大なリンゴの冷凍倉庫が建ち,輸出用リンゴの大取引地である。毎年4月に行われるシェナンドーア・リンゴ祭は有名。さまざまなゴムやプラスチック製品,缶,鋼製コンベヤ,毛織物などを製造する。南北戦争時の重要な古戦場が3ヵ所あり,歴史的建造物も豊富。人口2万 1947 (1990) 。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Winchester rifle - Winchester rifle

>>:  Winch - winch (English spelling)

Recommend

"Kakumeiki" - Kakumeiki

...The temple's land area in the early modern...

Chronicle

… [Europe] The most typical development of histor...

smartweed

...In the narrow sense, it refers to Polygonum se...

Daiten - Taiten

〘noun〙① An important classic. Also, a voluminous r...

Turtleneck (fishing sparrow) - Turtleneck

A general term for birds of the passerine order Re...

Hotel Ritz

…The Japanese translation of Escoffier's book...

Nematophora

…A general term for arthropods belonging to the o...

celluroid screen

The word celluloid was first used in filmmaking i...

Protomyces inouyei (English name) Protomycesinouyei

…[Tsubaki Keisuke]. . . *Some of the terminology ...

Printing and telegraph

It is a so-called character-to-character communic...

Weihe - Movie

A river that flows through the North China Plain....

Amis tribe

...the indigenous tribes of Taiwan Province, Chin...

Dahl, RA (English spelling) DahlRA

…Of course, the principles of the socialist syste...

Utensils - Ki

〘Noun〙① A vessel. A container. An object. Also use...