The capital of Hampshire County in the south of England. It is part of the Winchester region, including the surrounding area. It is located about 100 km southwest of London, in the valley of the River Itchen. It is believed to have been inhabited since the Iron Age, and developed as a key transportation point in the Roman period under the name of Venta Belgarum. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Wessex in the Anglo-Saxon period, and in the late 7th century, the bishopric was moved here from Dorchester on the Thames, and it flourished as a religious center. When Egbert of Wessex became King of England in 829, the city assumed the appearance of the capital of England, and always competed with London, and became a literary center under Alfred the Great. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, it flourished as a commercial center, and William II obtained a royal charter to establish the City of St. Giles, reaching its peak in the early 12th century. The city began to decline after it was burned down during the civil war under King Stephen (reigned 1135-54), and London, with its favorable geographical location, began to develop in its place as the capital of England in both name and reality. Today, in addition to being the religious and administrative center, it mainly functions as a distribution center for agricultural products, and industry has not developed much. Since the mid-20th century, the city has developed as a residential area as the transport network connecting it to London and Southampton has become denser. It is also an educational center, and Winchester College (1382) is famous as a prestigious public school. The city has many historical buildings, including the cathedral, which began with St. Suidine's Cathedral in the Anglo-Saxon period. Area of the district: 659 km2 . Population of the district: 110,000 (2004 estimate). Urban population: 41,420 (2001). Winchester |
イギリス,イングランド南部,ハンプシャー県の県都。周辺を含めてウィンチェスター地区を構成する。ロンドンの西南西約 100km,イッチェン川の谷にある。鉄器時代から人が住んでいたと考えられ,ローマ時代にはウェンタベルガルム Venta Belgarumの名のもとに交通の要地として発展。アングロ・サクソン時代にはウェセックス王国の首都となり,7世紀後半にはテムズ川沿岸のドーチェスターからここに主教座が移され,宗教中心地としても繁栄。829年ウェセックス王エグベルトがイングランド王になると,市はイングランドの首都の観を呈し,ロンドンと常に競い合い,アルフレッド大王のもとで文芸の中心地となった。1066年のノルマン・コンクェスト後は商業中心地として繁栄,ウィリアム2世により聖ジャイルズ市開設の勅許を得,12世紀初めに最盛期を迎えた。スティーブン王(在位 1135~54)の治世の内乱時に市街が焼き払われてから衰退し始め,代わって地理的条件に恵まれるロンドンが名実ともにイングランドの首都として発展し始めた。今日,宗教,行政の中心地であるほかは,おもに農産物の集散地として機能しており,工業はあまり発展していない。20世紀半ば以降ロンドン,サウサンプトンと結ぶ交通網が密になるとともに,住宅地としても発展。教育中心地でもあり,ウィンチェスター・カレッジ(1382)はパブリック・スクールの名門として有名。市内にはアングロ・サクソン時代の聖スイジン聖堂に始まる大聖堂をはじめとする歴史的建築物が多い。地区面積 659km2。地区人口 11万(2004推計)。都市人口 4万1420(2001)。
ウィンチェスター
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