...This single-sided drum is held in front of the player like a shield, with the left hand supporting the lower part of the frame, and the player strikes the membrane with the fingertips of both hands to produce a variety of tones and rhythms. This drum is the same type as the one called daff or tar in Arabic, def or mazhar in Turkish, but the name daira is more common in Iran, Pakistan and Arab countries. It is also known as daira in Georgia, doira in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, and daire in Albania and Macedonia in Eastern Europe. From [Duff]...However, some tars and bendirs have touch strings stretched over leather instead of small cymbals, producing special sound effects. In Turkish, dukh is pronounced def or tef, and those with cymbals are called zilli def. Defs without cymbals are used in folk music and Sufi rituals, and are almost the same drum as daīla. In fact, in ancient and medieval times, the circular dukh was called daīla. *Some terminology explanations that mention "def" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この一面太鼓は奏者が左手で枠の下部を支えて,あたかも盾のごとく前に構え,両手の指先で膜面をたたきさまざまな音色とリズムを作り出す。 この太鼓はやはりアラビア語でドゥッフ(ダッフdaff)またはタールṭār,トルコ語でデフdef,マズハルmazharと呼ばれるものと同種であるが,ダーイラの名称はイラン,パキスタン,アラブ諸国で一般的である。またグルジアではダイラdaira,ウズベキスタンやタジキスタン,アフガニスタンではドイラdoira,また東ヨーロッパのアルバニアやマケドニアではダイレdaireの呼称で知られる。… 【ドゥッフ】より…ただしタールの一部やベンディールは小型シンバルの代りに,さわり弦を革面に張り,特殊な音響効果を発する。トルコ語ではドゥッフはデフdefまたはテフtefとなまって発音され,シンバル付きのものは特にジッリ・デフzilli defと呼ばれている。シンバルを欠くデフは民俗音楽やスーフィーの儀礼などに用いられ,これはダーイラとほとんど同じ太鼓であり,事実,古代・中世には円形のドゥッフはダーイラと呼ばれていた。… ※「def」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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