A spring-planted bulbous plant of the Cannaceae family (APG classification: Cannaceae). Native to tropical America, tropical Asia, and Africa, Dandoku (Dondoku) C. indica var. indica L. ( C. indica L. var. orientalis Hook.f.) is one of the original species, which arrived in Japan by the Genroku period (1688-1704), naturalized in Kagoshima and other areas, and is now semi-native. The plant is 1.5-2 meters tall, has small scarlet-colored flowers, has low ornamental value, and is rarely cultivated today. The commonly cultivated canna is called Hanakanna C. × generalis Bailey (also known as Dutch Dandoku) in Japanese. This is a horticultural species created by crossbreeding original species from tropical America, Asia, Africa, etc. Over 1,000 varieties have been created, and in horticulture today, the two species, French canna and Italian canna, are collectively referred to as Canna generalis. The bulbs are rhizomes. The height of the plant varies depending on the variety, but it ranges from 0.8 to 1.5 meters, and the leaves come in green and copper colors. Racemes are produced at the end of the flower stalk, and they bloom with white, pink, red, orange-yellow, yellow, or striped flowers from early summer until frost, and they are often planted in flower beds. [Hideaki Iwai June 18, 2019] CultivationAlthough it is weak to the cold, it is very hardy and grows well in fertile areas with good sunlight and drainage. From April to early May, dig up the previous year's plants and divide them into groups of 2-3 buds, leaving 60-90cm between plants. Dig up soil to a depth of 30cm, mix compost and chemical fertilizer well with the soil as base fertilizer, place the bulbs on top and cover with about 10cm of soil. After germination, apply additional fertilizer such as liquid fertilizer according to growth. Dig up the bulbs when the leaves begin to be damaged by frost and store them. [Hideaki Iwai June 18, 2019] Cultural historyModern cannas were improved by French diplomat Annet in the first half of the 19th century, and the large-flowered French-style canna was created based on a hybrid created by French horticulturist Crozier in 1863, when he crossed the South American C. iridiflora Ruiz et Pav. with C. warszewiczii Dietr. Canna seeds are hard, and South American Indians wear them as necklaces or put them in maracas to make sounds. Starch is also extracted from the bulbs of the edible canna C. edulis Ker., native to tropical America. [Hiroshi Yuasa June 18, 2019] From early summer to the frost season, they bloom in white, red, yellow, and other colors. There are over 1,000 horticultural varieties, and the commonly cultivated canna is called Hanakanna (also known as Dutch Dandoku) in Japanese. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose "> Kanna Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カンナ科(APG分類:カンナ科)の春植え球根草。熱帯アメリカ、熱帯アジア、アフリカ原産のダンドク(曇華)C. indica var. indica L.(C. indica L. var. orientalis Hook.f.)は原種の一つで、日本には元禄(げんろく)時代(1688~1704)までに渡来し、鹿児島などに帰化し、現在は半自生状態になっている。草丈は1.5~2メートル、花は緋赤(ひせき)色の小輪で、観賞価値は低く、現在ではほとんど栽培されない。一般に栽培するカンナは、和名をハナカンナC. × generalis Bailey(別名オランダダンドク)とよぶ。これは熱帯アメリカ、アジア、アフリカなどの原種の交雑によってつくられた園芸種で、1000種に及ぶ品種が作出され、園芸上は今日フレンチカンナとイタリアンカンナの2種を総称してカンナ・ゲネラーリスが用いられている。球根は根茎。草丈は品種によって異なるが、0.8~1.5メートル、葉は緑葉と銅色葉がある。花茎の先に総状花序をつけ、初夏から降霜期まで、白、桃、赤、橙黄(とうこう)、黄色、あるいは絞りの花を開き、花壇によく植えられる。 [岩井英明 2019年6月18日] 栽培寒さに弱いが、性質は非常に強く、日当りと排水のよい肥沃(ひよく)な所でよく育つ。4月から5月上旬に前年の株を掘り上げ、2、3芽ずつに分け、株間60~90センチメートルとし、深さ30センチメートルに土を掘り、元肥として堆肥(たいひ)、化成肥料をよく土と混ぜ、その上に球根を置き、10センチメートルほど覆土する。発芽後は生育に応じて液肥などを追肥する。球根は、霜で葉が傷み始めたころ掘り上げて貯蔵する。 [岩井英明 2019年6月18日] 文化史近代カンナの改良は、フランスの外交官アネが19世紀前半に手がけ、花が大きいフレンチ系のカンナは、フランスの園芸家クロジィが南アメリカのイリディフローラC. iridiflora Ruiz et Pav.とワルセウィッチィC. warszewiczii Dietr.を1863年にかけ合わせた雑種が基になってつくられた。カンナの種子は固く、南アメリカのインディオはこれを首飾りにしたり、楽器のマラカスの中に入れて音を出させる。また、熱帯アメリカ原産の食用カンナC. edulis Ker.の球根からは、デンプンをとっている。 [湯浅浩史 2019年6月18日] 初夏から降霜期まで、白、赤、黄色などの花を開く。1000種に及ぶ園芸種があり、一般に栽培するカンナは、和名をハナカンナ(別名オランダダンドク)という©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏"> カンナ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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