Mutual aid societies for craftsmen formed in England from the late 17th century onwards. They were created to address the insecurity of life caused by the collapse of the guild system, but they developed significantly after the Friendly Societies Act of 1796 and the Anti-Organisation Act in 1799. Initially, they developed as insurance organisations that provided insurance benefits to members and their families using funds from contributions and donations from members, but the Anti-Organisation Act made labour unions illegal, and labour unions disguised as friendly societies began to increase. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
17世紀後半以降イギリスで結成された職人層共済組合。ギルド制度の崩壊による生活不安に対処するためにつくられたが,1796年に友愛組合法が施行され,さらに 99年に団結禁止法が制定されてから著しい発展をとげた。当初は組合員の出資,寄付による基金をもとにして,組合員およびその家族に対する保険給付を行うという保険団体としての性格をもって発展したが,団結禁止法制定による労働組合の非合法化によって,友愛組合を偽装する労働組合が増大するようになった。
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