Revaluation tax - Saihyokazei

Japanese: 再評価税 - さいひょうかぜい
Revaluation tax - Saihyokazei

A type of national tax levied when assets are revalued under the Asset Revaluation Law (Law No. 110 of 1950). After the Second World War, Japan suffered from severe inflation, and the book value of fixed assets became far lower than their actual value. However, only book values ​​were allowed for the deduction of depreciation of fixed assets used for business purposes in the calculation of business income, and the deduction of acquisition costs in the calculation of capital gains. This resulted in nominal income due to inflation, which was taxed at a high rate, and this situation ate up the capital of the company itself.

The Shoup Mission, which came to Japan in 1949 (Showa 24), recommended that in order to alleviate such problems, fixed assets be revalued through corporations and individuals, allowing for proper depreciation by companies, maintaining real capital, and promoting the rationalization of the tax system. Based on this, the Asset Revaluation Law was enacted in 1950, and the first voluntary revaluation of business fixed assets was carried out in the same year, the second in 1951, and the third in 1953, with a 6% revaluation tax being imposed on the revaluation difference. Furthermore, in 1954, the "Special Measures Law for Asset Revaluation, etc. for Enhancing Corporate Capital" was enacted, and compulsory revaluation was implemented for companies of a certain size or larger. Fixed assets such as land and buildings of individuals were considered to have been revalued when they were transferred (statutory revaluation), and a revaluation tax was imposed on the revaluation difference, and the revaluation amount was replaced with the acquisition price to calculate the capital gains, which were then subject to income tax.

At first glance, it may seem contradictory to reassess assets in order to correct the harmful effects of inflation and ensure fair taxation, but this was a measure taken to ensure fairness with other people who were suffering from inflation but received no relief at all. This reassessment tax system was abolished for individuals in December 1961, and for corporations as well, in principle, by July 1967.

[Masatoshi Hayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

資産再評価法(昭和25年法律110号)などによって資産再評価を行った場合に課された国税の一種。第二次世界大戦後、日本は激しいインフレーションにみまわれ、固定資産の帳簿価額は実体価額からかけ離れた低いものになってしまった。しかし、事業所得の計算における営業用固定資産の減価償却分の控除や、譲渡所得の計算の際の取得価額の控除には、この帳簿価額に基づくものしか認められないため、インフレーションによる名目的所得が生じ、これに高い税率で課税されるという状態になり、企業の資本そのものが食いつぶされることとなった。

 1949年(昭和24)に来日したシャウプ使節団は、このような弊害を緩和するために、法人、個人を通じて固定資産の再評価を行い、企業の適正な減価償却を可能にし、実質的資本の維持を図るとともに、税制の合理化を推進することを勧告した。これに基づいて50年に資産再評価法が制定され、営業用固定資産については同年に第一次、翌51年に第二次、53年に第三次の任意再評価が行われ、再評価差額に6%の再評価税が課された。さらに54年には「企業資本充実のための資産再評価等の特別措置法」が制定され、一定規模以上の企業に対する強制的再評価が実施された。個人の土地、家屋などの固定資産については、譲渡があったときに再評価があったものとみなされ(法定再評価)、再評価差額に対して再評価税が課されるとともに、再評価額を取得価額に置き換えて譲渡所得を計算し、これに所得税が課される仕組みがとられた。

 インフレーションの弊害を是正し、適正な課税を図るために資産の再評価を実施しながら、それに課税するのは一見矛盾しているようにみえるが、インフレーションに苦しみながらまったく救済されないその他の人々との公平を図るためにとられた措置であった。この再評価税の制度は、個人については1961年12月で打ち切られ、法人にかかわるものも原則として67年7月限りで廃止された。

[林 正寿]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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