Bhutto, Benazir

Japanese: ブットー（英語表記）Bhutto, Benazir

Born: June 21, 1953, Karachi
[Died] December 27, 2007. Rawalpindi. Pakistani politician. First female prime minister in modern Islamic countries. Daughter of former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, she received her bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1973 and Oxford University in 1977. In 1979, her father was executed after being overthrown in a coup d'état, and she became the leader of her father's Pakistan People's Party (PPP). She was placed under house arrest many times during the Haq regime from 1979 to 1984, and lived in exile in the UK from 1984 to 1986. She served as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and from 1993 to 1996, but was dismissed both times due to corruption allegations. In 1999, she was convicted of corruption along with her husband, businessman and senator Asif Ali Zardari, but the Supreme Court overturned the conviction in 2001. In October 2007, he was pardoned by President Pervez Musharraf and returned to Pakistan after eight years of exile. He narrowly escaped a suicide bomb attack on a parade motorcade shortly after his return, but was assassinated during an election rally.

Bhutto
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali

Born: January 5, 1928, Larkana
Died: April 4, 1979. Rawalpindi Pakistani politician. Graduated from the University of California, Berkeley and a master's degree at Oxford University. In 1958, he joined the M. Ayub Khan administration as Minister of Commerce, and demonstrated his ability, working hard to improve relations with China in the early 1960s. He became Foreign Minister in 1963, but resigned in June 1966 in opposition to the Tashkent Declaration. He advocated the "India-Pakistan Thousand Years of War Theory." He advocated socialism based on traditional culture, and formed the People's Party in Karachi in November 1967. He became president on December 20, 1971, after the Third Indo-Pakistani War. In July 1972, he signed the India-India Peace Accord. In August 1973, he enacted a new constitution, reinstated the prime ministerial system, and became prime minister himself, consolidating his administration. He won a landslide victory in the March 1977 general election, but the nine-party Pakistan National Coalition (PNC) alleging election fraud and continuing large-scale anti-government demonstrations led to his downfall in a bloodless military coup in July of the same year. He was sentenced to death in March 1978 for assassinating a political opponent and other crimes, and executed in April 1979.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1953.6.21. カラチ
[没]2007.12.27. ラワルピンディー
パキスタンの政治家。現代イスラム圏で初の女性首相を務めた。ズルフィカール・アリー・ブットー元首相の娘で，1973年ハーバード大学，1977年にオックスフォード大学で学士号を取得。1979年，父がクーデターで失脚後に処刑され，父の率いたパキスタン人民党 PPPの党首となる。ハク政権下の 1979～84年に何度も自宅軟禁に処され，1984～86年イギリスに亡命。1988～90年，1993～96年首相を務めたが，2度とも汚職疑惑で解任された。1999年実業家で上院議員の夫，アシフ・アリー・ザルダリとともに汚職で有罪判決を受けたが，2001年最高裁判所がこれを覆した。2007年10月，ペルベズ・ムシャラフ大統領の恩赦により 8年間の亡命生活を終えてドバイから帰国。帰国直後のパレードの車列をねらった自爆テロでは危うく難を逃れたが，選挙集会中に暗殺された。

ブットー
Bhutto， Zulfikar Ali

[生]1928.1.5. ラルカナ
[没]1979.4.4. ラワルピンジー
パキスタンの政治家。カリフォルニア大学バークリー校，オックスフォード大学修士課程卒業。 1958年 M.アユーブ・カーン政権に商相として入閣，敏腕を発揮し，1960年代初めに対中国関係の改善に尽力。 63年外相となったが，タシケント宣言に反対して 66年6月辞任。「インド＝パキスタン千年戦争論」を提唱。伝統文化に立脚した社会主義を標榜し，67年 11月カラチで人民党を結成。第3次印パ戦争後の 71年 12月 20日大統領に就任。 72年7月対インド和平協定に調印。 73年8月新憲法を制定して首相制を復活，みずから首相に就任，政権を固めた。 77年3月の総選挙で大勝したが，野党9党のパキスタン国民連合が選挙の不正を唱えて大規模な反政府デモを続けたため，同年7月軍の無血クーデターで失脚，投獄された。 78年3月政敵暗殺その他の罪で死刑を宣告され，79年4月処刑された。

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