Sanke

Japanese: 三家 - さんけ

[1] Three families of nobles. The three families of Nakain (later Kuga ) , Kanin, and Kazanin were among the Seiga families, which had the rank of aristocrats and could be promoted to the rank of Daijo-daijin. *Nichiren's writings - Kenzanhosho (1262): "In Luoyang, Minamoto no Himoryo was called Shimojo. The three families were called Jojo." [2] During the Muromachi period, the three families of the Shogun and powerful feudal lords were called by their special names based on their rank or other conditions. For example, the three families of Kira, Ishibashi , and Shibukawa were allowed by the Ashikaga Shogun to ride in a lacquered palanquin with a long handle , and the three families of the Uesugi clan (Yamauchi, Inukake, and Ogigayatsu), and the three families of the Mori clan (Shishido, Kobayakawa, and Yoshikawa). [3] During the Edo period, the general term for the Bishu, Kishu, and Mito families, whose ancestors were Ieyasu's sons. When the Shogunate had no heir, they chose a successor from the Oshu and Kishu families along with the Sankyo . The Mito family had a fixed residence and served as assistants to the Shogunate as vice Shogun.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[一] 公家(くげ)の三家。太政大臣まで昇進することのできる家格である清華(せいが)のうち、中院（のちの久我）・閑院・花山院の三家をいう。※日蓮遺文‐顕謗法鈔（1262）「洛陽(みやこ)にして、源平等已下を下郎といふ。三家を上郎といふ」[二] 室町時代、将軍家・有力諸大名の家中で、家格その他の条件で特に称呼される家柄をいう。たとえば、長柄(ながえ)の塗輿(ぬりごし)に乗ることを足利将軍から許された吉良・石橋・渋河の三家や、上杉氏三家（山内・犬懸・扇谷）、毛利氏三家（宍戸・小早川・吉川）などがある。[三] 江戸時代、家康の子を祖とする尾州家・紀州家・水戸家の総称。将軍家に嗣子がない時は、三卿(さんきょう)と共に尾州・紀州の両家から継嗣を選んだ。水戸家は定府で、俗に副将軍として将軍家の補佐にあたったという。御三家。

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