Commercial treaties

Japanese: 通商条約 - つうしょうじょうやく（英語表記）commercial treaties

Also known as the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation. A treaty for the purpose of promoting economic exchange between the contracting parties, which stipulates matters such as the entry, residence, protection of persons and property, guarantee of freedom of business activities, matters related to the right of appeal, social security and other matters related to the protection of personal rights, matters related to tariffs and other imports and exports, foreign exchange, and ships. It mainly stipulates the treatment that the contracting parties will give to the nationals, goods, ships, etc. of the other country in these matters (most-favored-nation treatment, national treatment, etc.), but it may also stipulate other matters regarding consular relations. For many years, it has functioned as the central treaty that sets the basic framework for economic exchange between the two countries, but since the 1970s, it has become increasingly common for a separate investment protection treaty to stipulate in detail private direct investment.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

通商航海条約ともいう。締約国相互間の経済交流を促進する目的で，両国国民の入国，居住，身体や財産の保護，営業活動の自由の保証，出訴権や社会保障その他個人の権利保護に関する事項，関税その他の輸出入に関する事項，為替，船舶などの事項について取決めた条約。これらの事項について締約国が相手国の国民および商品や船舶などに与える待遇の内容 (最恵国待遇や内国民待遇など) を主に規定するが，ほかに領事関係について規定することもある。長年にわたって2国間の経済交流の基本的枠組みを設定する中心的な条約として機能してきたが，1970年代以降，民間直接投資に関しては，別に投資保護条約が詳細に規定するという方式が次第に一般化してきている。

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