A vast plateau about 1000m above sea level in the central-western part of Asia Minor, west of the Halys River. The name was given to the Phrygians (Phryges), who are said to have migrated from Thrace around 1100 BC. Together with the "Sea Peoples," they overthrew the Hittite Empire, occupied most of the area west of the Halys River, and engaged in trade under a tribal alliance (Mushki). They maintained their independence until the Cimmerian invasion in the 7th century BC and the establishment of the Lydian Kingdom. The capital was Gordium. A famous king was Midas (reigned around 730-700 BC). After the Celts invaded this area around 278 BC, it was called Galatea. When Rome succeeded the Kingdom of Pergamon in 133 BC, the area was incorporated into the province of Asia, and in 25 BC, into the province of Galatea. In the west are the towns of Hierapolis, Colossae, and Laodicea, where Christianity spread early according to the New Testament, and the apostle Paul passed through the area on his mission. The Phrygians excelled in metalwork and woodcraft, and their religion was centered on the worship of the Earth Goddess, Cybele, which spread widely throughout the Greek and Roman world. Rock-cut tombs and temples have been discovered. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
小アジア中西部,ハリュス川西方の標高約 1000mの広大な高原地帯。前 1100年頃トラキアから移住したとされるフリュギア人 (フリュゲス) によってこの地名が生れた。彼らは「海の民」とともにヒッタイト帝国を倒し,ハリュス川西方の大部分を占領,諸部族の連合体 (ムシュキ) のもとに交易に従事した。前7世紀キンメリア人の侵入とリュディア王国の成立まで独立を保った。首都はゴルディオン。有名な王にミダス (在位前 730~700頃) がいる。前 278年頃ケルト人がこの地に侵入して以来ガラテアと呼ばれた。前 133年ローマがベルガモン王国を継いだ際,この地は属州アシアに,前 25年には属州ガラテアに編入された。西部にはヒエラポリス,コロサイ,ラオディケアの町々があり,新約聖書によれば早くからキリスト教が普及し,使徒パウロも伝道の途中この地を通過している。フリュギア人は金属細工,木工芸にすぐれていた。また宗教はキュベレと呼ばれる大地母神の崇拝を中心とし,これはギリシア・ローマ世界に広く流布した。磨崖の墳墓や神殿が発見されている。
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