Drusus - Nero Claudius Drusus

Roman politician. Second child of Emperor Augustus' wife Livia and her former husband Claudius Nero. His elder brother was the future second emperor Tiberius. After his father's death, he was raised by Augustus, and in 15 BC, he participated with his brother in the campaign to pacify Raetia (present-day southern Germany, upper Danube basin). The following year, he was given control of the three provinces of Gaul, and carried out a census (household survey). After suppressing the riots that broke out in response to this, he established an "altar of Rome and Augustus" in Lugdunum (present-day Lyon) and had the Gallic tribes worship the emperor. With the emperor's trust, he led four invasions of Germania from 12 BC onwards, defeating the tribes of the lower reaches of the Rhine and Ems in a large-scale operation that even dug a canal for the passage of fleets, and reaching the Elbe River despite resistance from Germanic tribes such as the Chatti, Suebi and Cherusci, but died of an illness in camp after falling off his horse in 9 BC. He had three children with his wife Antonia (daughter of the triumvir Mark Antony): Germanicus, Livilla and Claudius (the fourth emperor).

[Nobuko Kurita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代ローマの政治家。皇帝アウグストゥスの妻リウィアと前夫クラウディウス・ネロの間の第2子。兄は後の第2代皇帝ティベリウス。父の死後アウグストゥスに養育され、紀元前15年、兄とともにラエティアRaetia（現在のドイツ南部、ドナウ川上流域）平定作戦に参加。翌年ガリア三州の統治をゆだねられ、ケンスス（戸口調査）を断行。これに反発して起こった暴動を鎮圧したのち、ルグドゥヌム（現在のリヨン）に「ローマとアウグストゥスの祭壇」を設け、ガリア諸族に皇帝礼拝を行わせた。皇帝の信任を得て前12年以降四度にわたるゲルマニア侵攻を指揮、艦隊通過のために運河まで開削する大規模作戦でライン、エムス川下流域の諸族を破り、カッティChatti、スエビSuebi、ケルスキCherusciなどのゲルマン諸族の抵抗を受けつつエルベ川に達したが、前9年、落馬がもとで宿営地で病没した。妻アントニア（三頭政治家マルクス・アントニウスの娘）との間に、ゲルマニクス、リウィッラ、クラウディウス（第4代皇帝）の3子がある。

［栗田伸子］

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