Flemish School - Flemish School

Japanese: フランドル楽派 - フランドルがくは
Flemish School - Flemish School
A school of music that flourished from the late 15th century to the 16th century, mainly among people from Flanders, and led European music during the Renaissance. It was once called the Netherlandish School, but that term is no longer commonly used. Composers of this school were active throughout Europe, and introduced advanced polyphony techniques to Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and other countries. Its 150-year history is usually divided into three or four periods. Ockeghem, who represents the first period, inherited and developed the idiom of the Burgundian School, and refined four-part vocal polyphony with a rich bass section. In the early 16th century, Josquin des Prez, said to be the greatest composer of this school, was active. Following the trend of Italian music, the melodies became even more elegant, and the advanced polyphony and richness of sound created a beautiful symmetry. Later, through the mid-16th century, many secular songs such as chansons and madrigals were composed, strongly reflecting the regional characteristics of each region, and Willaert, the founder of the Venetian school, and the French master Janequin were active. Protestant music also emerged with the Protestant Reformation. In the second half of the 16th century, Lassus appeared and integrated the various musical forms of the time. His motets and masses, rich in dramatic expressiveness, foreshadowed the next era. Other major composers included Obrecht, Isaac, Pierre de Larrieu (c. 1460-1518), Arcadelt, de Monte, and Sweelinck. The musical style of this school spread widely throughout Europe, in large part due to the power of sheet music publishing as a result of the development of printing technology. In 1501, the first collection of musical scores printed using movable type, Odecaton A (meaning a hundred songs), was published in Venice, collecting French chansons by Ocquehem, Josquin des Prez, and others. → Dufay/Morales → Related topics Palestrina

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
15世紀後半から16世紀にかけてフランドル出身者を中心に栄え,ルネサンス時代のヨーロッパ音楽を主導した楽派。かつてはネーデルラント楽派とも呼ばれたが,現在では一般に用いられない。この楽派の作曲家たちはヨーロッパ全域で活動し,イタリア,フランス,ドイツ,スペインなどに高度なポリフォニー技法を伝えた。150年に及ぶその流れは通常3〜4期に分類される。第1期を代表するオケヘムらは〈ブルゴーニュ楽派〉の語法を継承・発展させ,低声部の充実した4声の声楽ポリフォニーに磨きをかけた。16世紀初頭にはこの楽派最大の作曲家ともいわれるジョスカン・デ・プレらが活躍。イタリア音楽の流れを汲んで旋律はいっそう流麗になり,高度なポリフォニーと響きの豊かさとが見事な均整美を形づくった。その後16世紀中葉にかけては,各地の地域性を色濃く反映させたシャンソンやマドリガルなどの世俗歌曲が数多くつくられ,ベネチア楽派の創始者ウィラールト,フランスの大家ジャヌカンらが活躍。宗教改革にともないプロテスタント音楽も誕生する。16世紀後半にはラッススが登場し,当時の様々な音楽形式を統合。劇的な表出力に富むそのモテットやミサ曲は次代を予感させるものとなった。主たる作曲家としてはほかに,オブレヒト,イザーク,ピエール・ド・ラリュー〔1460ころ-1518〕,アルカデルト,デ・モンテ,スウェーリンクなど。なお,この楽派の音楽様式が広くヨーロッパ各地に伝播(でんぱ)していった背景には,印刷術の発展による楽譜出版の力も大きい。1501年にはオケヘム,ジョスカン・デ・プレらのフランス語のシャンソンを集めて,史上初の活版印刷による楽譜集《オデカトンA(百の歌の意)》がベネチアで出版されている。→デュファイ/モラーレス
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