Current divider - shunt

Japanese: 分流器 - ぶんりゅうき
Current divider - shunt

A resistor used to expand the measurement range of an ammeter. It is connected in parallel to an ammeter and allows a part of the current being measured to flow to the ammeter at a fixed ratio. Some are built into the meter, but many are installed separately when the current is large. An independent shunt has current and voltage terminals. The resistance of a shunt to expand the maximum scale of an ammeter with an internal resistance of R ohms by m times is R /( m -1)Ω. Since currents that flow large currents also generate a lot of Joule heat, those over 500 amperes are oil-immersed or water-cooled. Manganin (an alloy wire of manganese, nickel, and copper) is generally used as the material, and great care is taken with heat dissipation and temperature distribution. For AC shunts, in order to reduce errors due to phase differences, it is necessary to make the residual inductance and the skin effect that increases the conductor resistance negligible. In addition, those for impulse large currents are coaxial or folded, and special care is taken with the above points.

[Toshiharu Takao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

電流計の測定範囲を拡大するために使われる抵抗器。電流計に並列に接続し、被測電流の一部を一定の比率で電流計に流すようにした器具。計器に内蔵されているものもあるが、電流が大きくなる場合は外部に独立させたものが多い。独立した分流器は電流端子と電圧端子とをもっている。内部抵抗Rオームの電流計の最大目盛りをm倍に拡大するための分流器の抵抗はR/(m-1)Ωである。大電流を流すものは発生するジュール熱も大きいので、500アンペアを超えるものは、油入式または水冷式などとする。材質は一般にマンガニン(マンガンとニッケルと銅の合金線)を用い、放熱と温度分布に十分な注意が払われている。交流用のものは、位相差による誤差を小さくするため、残留インダクタンスや導体抵抗の増す表皮効果などを無視できるほど少なくする必要がある。また、衝撃大電流用のものは同軸型あるいは折り返し型とし、上記の点についても、とくに注意が払われている。

[高尾利治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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