German aerodynamicist. Born in Bavaria. After graduating from the Technical University of Munich, he served as professor at the Technical University of Hannover and the University of Göttingen. In 1925, he founded the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Research (now the Max Planck Institute) and served as its director, retiring in 1946. During his tenure at the University of Göttingen, he built a wind tunnel and conducted experiments, completing the correction theory for finite-span wings and research into the change in air resistance of a sphere. His 1904 boundary layer theory proposed that a thin layer of air is formed at the boundary where air (and any fluid) comes into contact with a substance, which generates air resistance on the object, overturning the previous theory of D'Alembert's principle that resistance is zero for ideal fluids. He also studied the airfoils used by German military aircraft in World War I and discovered the practical use of thick wings. These highly practical studies have earned him the title of father of aerodynamics. [Matao Sanuki] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの空気力学者。バイエルンに生まれる。ミュンヘン工科大学を卒業して、ハノーバー工科大学、ゲッティンゲン大学の教授を歴任、1925年カイザー・ウィルヘルム流体研究所(現、マックス・プランク研究所)を創立して所長を務め、1946年退任した。ゲッティンゲン大学在任中に風胴を建設して実験を行い、有限翼幅主翼の補正理論や、球の空気抵抗変化の研究を完成した。1904年の境界層理論は、空気(一般の流体も)が物質と接する境界に薄い空気の層ができて、これが物体の空気抵抗を発生させることを提唱したもので、理想流体では抵抗がゼロになるというこれまでのダランベールの原理を打破した。また、第一次世界大戦のドイツ軍用機用翼型を研究し厚翼の実用性を発見した。これらのきわめて実用性のある研究により、空気力学の父といわれている。 [佐貫亦男] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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