Brahmana - Brahmana (English spelling) Brāhmaa

Japanese: ブラーフマナ - ぶらーふまな(英語表記)Brāhmaa
Brahmana - Brahmana (English spelling) Brāhmaa

The name of a part of the Vedas, the oldest sacred text in India. It is translated as "ritual book." It is literally an explanatory document of the Vedas' rituals, written in prose. Its contents are broadly divided into two parts: the Artavada (explanation) and the Bidi (ritual text). The former explains the meaning of the hymns, ritual words, and incantations used in rituals, while the latter describes the ritual acts performed by the chief priest and priests. The majority of them are thought to have been created around 800 BC.

The philosophical content of the Brahmanas has a marked tendency toward monism, considering water to be the cause of the world and the world to have been created when a golden egg appeared there, considering breath to be the world principle, and postulating Brahman (Buddha) as the universal principle. However, since these documents are explanatory texts for rituals, most of these are deeply related to rituals. Furthermore, the Brahmanas are rich in many stories, but these are also explanatory of rituals, and many of them should be understood with the premise of at least rituals.

[Masataka Shoto]

[References] | Bede

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インド最古の聖典ベーダを構成する一部分の名称。「祭儀書」と訳される。文字どおりベーダの祭祀(さいし)の説明文献で、散文で記される。内容はアルタバーダ(釈義)とビディ(儀軌(ぎき))の二つに大別され、前者が祭祀に用いられる賛歌、祭詞、呪句(じゅく)などの意味の説明部分であるのに対し、後者は祭主や祭官の行う祭祀上の行為を述べたものである。そのおもなものは紀元前800年ごろを中心に成立したものと考えられる。

 ブラーフマナの思想内容は、一元論の傾向が顕著であり、世界原因として水を考え、そこに黄金の卵が出現して世界が成立するとしたり、気息を世界原理と考えたり、宇宙原理としてのブラフマン(梵(ぼん))を想定したりする。ただし、この文献が祭祀の説明文献である性質により、これらのほとんどは祭祀と深くかかわる。また、ブラーフマナは多くの説話に富んでいるが、これも祭祀の説明であったりし、少なくも祭祀を前提にして察すべきものが多い。

[松濤誠達]

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出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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