Coastline - Kaigansen (English spelling) coastline

Japanese: 海岸線 - かいがんせん（英語表記）coastline

The boundary between the sea and land. The position and shape of the coastline change because the sea level rises and falls due to tides, waves, and changes in atmospheric pressure. In the long term, the position and shape of the coastline also change due to crustal movement, glacial sea level change, marine erosion, and sedimentation from land. Coastlines formed by the rise and fall of the ground and sea level are called submerged coastlines and uplifted coastlines. Coastlines formed by other factors, such as volcanic activity, fault formation, and coral reef growth, are called neutral coastlines, and when these overlap, they are called synthetic coastlines. Generally, submerged coastlines are highly curved, while emerged coastlines are often linear with few curves. The shape of the coastline has had a major impact on human activities along the coast, but in recent years, humans have been able to modify the coastline, for example, to create large ports and coastal industrial zones on shallow sandy coasts.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

海と陸の境界線。海面は潮汐，波浪，気圧変化などによって昇降するため，海岸線の位置，形態は変動する。長期的にも地殻運動，氷河性海面変化，海食作用，陸地からの堆積作用によって，その位置，形態は変る。地盤，海面の昇降によって形成された海岸線を沈水海岸線，隆起海岸線という。それ以外の要因，たとえば火山活動，断層の形成，サンゴ礁の成長によるものは中性海岸線といい，それらが重なり合ったものを合成海岸線と呼ぶ。一般的には沈水海岸線は屈曲が激しく，離水海岸線は屈曲が少く直線的であることが多い。海岸線の形態は沿岸の人間活動に大きな影響を与えてきたが，最近では人間が海岸線に手を加えることによって，たとえば遠浅の砂浜海岸地帯に大きな港や臨海工業地帯を造成できるようになった。

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